The And Dissemination Of Cultural Values, Ideologies, And...

The analysis on the construction and dissemination of cultural values, ideologies, and hierarchies is as varied as the historian. Again semantics and semiotics, important issues to understand the full web of the â€Å"word-concept† culture, dominate much of the theory and practice. The most common debates are over naming eras and redefining terms like popular, culture, popular culture, etc. Despite the debate, the historiography maintains four important foci for the construction of cultural values: industrialization and the Progressive Era, the influence of industrialized media, the concept of shifting contexts, and a reference an attempt to identify the â€Å"word-concept† of â€Å"the people†. Like the construction, the dissemination of cultural values has a historiography filled with competing ideologies on semantics and time frames, but there is one important disseminator of cultural values that nearly every historian, theorist, and critic agrees is primarily essential: the media. Interpreted broadly, media refers to any host of dissemination avenues, from Shakespearian plays to blue jeans and shopping malls, from museums to movies. Whether popular, mass, folk, or highbrow, American cultural values connect with â€Å"the people† consistently through varied forms of media messaging. The important components of the construction of culture are industrialism and the Progressive Era, industrialized media, shifting contexts, and identifying â€Å"the people†. As Storey commented, industrialization isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Graffiti - The Public Art Movement800 Words   |  4 PagesGRAFFITI - The Public Art Movement The widespread dissemination of colorful graffiti paintings on the walls of our major cities has made it impossible to ignore this form of public art. As contact with this form of expression increases, one starts to recognize styles, recurrent themes, patterns and stylistic influences. To the masses graffiti seems to represent vandalism, an ugly and threatening attempt to undermined social value and prestige. For graffiti writers, graffiti is a secret expressionRead MoreUniversal Human Rights? Essay1932 Words   |  8 Pagesset of universal human rights in the international community, it fails to take into account the idea of cultural relativism and its effects on different cultural perspectives of human values. For the purpose of this essay the UDHR will be used to explicitly state instances where China has defied individual rights within the UDHR, while the West has remained compliant. This contrast of cultural relativism is supported by scholar Jack Donnelly’s idea that â €Å"different civilizations or societies haveRead MoreEssay on Belonging and Difference in Imagined Communities5843 Words   |  24 Pages Much recent theory has been concerned with defining and examining new media: the forms of communication and mediation that have arisen through advances in electronics and digital technologies. These new media forms and the speed of their dissemination are paralleled by faster transportation and the movement and subsequent settlement of peoples across the globe in what has come to be called diaspora. The situation is such that many of the old boundaries and barriers by which nations definedRead MoreOrganizational Theory on Apple Inc.2622 Words   |  11 PagesOrganizational Theory on APPLE INC. 1.Introduction Power is a measurement of an actor’s ability to influence the behavior, thoughts or activities of another actor (eds Ott, Parkes Simpson 2008). 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It aspires to promote peace through internationalRead More Urban Parks Essay2589 Words   |  11 Pageslandscapes, the physical and social uses of parks give proof to their inherently cultural â€Å"nature.† For the purpose of this paper, I will use the term â€Å"culture† to refer to human implemented social objects and actions; nature, then, as a written word and a concept circulated in culture, becomes a cultural construction. The idea of â€Å"nature† or â€Å"natural,† I will attempt to argue, refers to a certain set of cultural concepts as constructed through a discourse that is centered away from humans andRead MoreEssay on Postmodernism: Myths and Realities1996 Words   |  8 Pagesoverlap and criss-cross, appear and disappear in discussions about postmodernism (ibid., p. 74): †¢Plurality of Perspectives. Multiple perspectives, accounts, and theories are respected. Eclectic thinking, drawing on and synthesizing multiple cultural traditions is encouraged. †¢Antiessentialism. A text (be it an individual word, a message, a concept, or any significant structure) has no inherent, essential meaning--no one thing in common that makes us use the same word and which would giveRead MoreExamining the Cult of Domesticity3661 Words   |  15 Pagesamalgamation of the various cultural productions that perpetuated and celebrated the image of the domestic angel, a homemaker as an ethereal presence creating, without giving any impression of her labor, an atmosphere of love and comfort in the home, in order to coerce women into attempting to embody that ethereal, impossible character. The cult, then, was an ideology that performed political and cultural work by helping to maintain class- and race-based hierarchies of power [and] justifiedRead MoreMarx, Weber and Religion2182 Words   |  9 PagesReligion, as defined by the High Court of Australia, is ‘a complex of beliefs and practices which point to a set of values and an understanding of the meaning of existence’ (Australian Bureau of Statistics 2005) and can be studied either substantively or functionally (Berger 1974:126). Substantive studies of religion fall predominantly in the realm of theology and are more concerned with defining religious beliefs; their historical accuracy; and the existence of supernatural entities (Holmes, HughesRead MoreAdvertising Discourse Analysis4128 Words   |  17 Pagesgreat needs: 1-informing; 2-expressing opinions; 3-entertainment[1]. In its „teen† years, the communication system adds to its repertoire: 1-exposing corruption; 2-standing up for human freedom and rights; 3-offering global access to cultural goods; 4- every day entertainment for all types of viewers; 5- worldwide event informing. The flip side of the coin reveals the problems it’s now confronting: 1- offering vulgar and distasteful entertainment; 2- stimulating delinquency; 3- contributing

Leadership Styles Assignment Essays - 1251 Words

Assignment: Leadership Styles in the School Setting Karen Williams Grand Canyon University: EDL 812 March 2, 2015 Introduction The role of a superintendent is compared to that of an orchestra conductor (Domenech, 2009), and for good reasons; the many hats worn by this one person in the performance and leadership of the school district. He/ She guide an exemplary vision towards a performance goal and serve as a model for leadership, and embody the ambition for the entire organization (Dipaola Stronge, 2003). Nevertheless, this leadership can present a significant challenge to the process of evaluating a superintendent due to overly subjective and vague judgments. A superintendent†¦show more content†¦Promoting student achievement and preparing students to globally compete by fostering excellence and ensuring equal access is the mission of the Federal role in education. Public school superintendents think the biggest headaches are funding, although federal contributions includes funds not just from the department of education but also from the Department of Health and Human Services, Hea d Start programs, and the School Lunch program from the Department of Agriculture. Therefore, the Federal role in education is like an emergency response system, a system that fills the gap in state and local support for education when critical national needs occur. With all the fuss over the Federal Government and how much, and from where the funds come from, the superintendent job is to allocate how and where the funds will be used in the district. Research advice Being that Mr. Marks has been superintendent for the past six years, and coming up for re-election, I would remind him of his tremendous responsibility in his previous terms overseeing many schools with a vast, number of students, and how he has avoided the media’s glare which was focused on schools closing and the community and parents scrutinizing his decisions. Balancing intense and often competing pressures is the job of a superintendent. There are harsh financial realities and political minefields to compete with. Therefore you must stand firm in your beliefs, roll up your sleeves and get in theShow MoreRelatedAssignment : Leadership Style Writing Assignment953 Words   |  4 Pages MOL 6400 Week 1 Leadership Style Writing Assignment Charles Campbell-King Wilmington University 10/30/2017 What is your leadership style? My MBTI type is consul personality (ESFJ, -A/-T), extraverted, sensing, feeling and judging. This result means that I am more Extraverted than Introverted, I rely on Sense more than Intuition, and I make decisions based on my Feelings rather than Thinking, and I Judge more than I Perceive. Exec Summary: The source of all conflict is a missed expectationRead MoreLeadership Teamwork In The Public Serv1685 Words   |  7 PagesDiploma in Public Services Unit 2: Leadership Teamwork in the Public Services Assessment and grading criteria To achieve a pass grade the evidence must show that the learner is able to: To achieve a merit grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass criteria, the learner is able to: To achieve a distinction grade the evidence must show that, in addition to the pass and merit criteria, the learner is able to: P1 describe the different leadership styles used in the public services M1Read MoreStrategic Management and Leadership Skills1089 Words   |  5 PagesBTEC assignments 2011  ©LAHE This assignment is a part/whole unit assessment activity BTEC – Level 7 Advanced Professional Diploma in Management Studies Assignment Brief UNIT TITLE: Developing Strategic Management and Leadership skills Assignment: Tutor: Date Set: Date of Submission: Instructions: Mr Tayo Tewogbade March 2011 17th April, 2011 Answer all questions Learning outcomes and criteria covered by this assignment 1. 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Consequently, the following paper will answer questions of the case scenario such as which of the following approaches would you choose to make this group of transferees productive as quickly as possible? Why? And finally, can you identify the leadership style of each alternative? The approaches presented to the reader to take care of the transferred employees situationRead MorePrinciple of Management1020 Words   |  5 PagesAssignment # 2 – Chapter 14 Case – â€Å"Hewitt-Packard Company† You are to write a three to five (3-5) page report that answers the following questions: 1. Discuss the three most serious problems you have identified in the case. Defend why you think they are the most serious. 2. Describe how the company should attempt to correct each of the three most serious problems. 3. 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This Is My Most Important Event in My Life Free Essays

A Significant Event I think in a human life, everyone has a significant event that they can’t forget. Mine is a poignant farewell party where I said good-bye to my family, my relatives, and my friends. Everyone was laughing and telling funny stories, but I wanted to be alone. We will write a custom essay sample on This Is My Most Important Event in My Life or any similar topic only for you Order Now I sat on the roof of my house and looked at the stars. It was very hard to leave. I knew I loved them so much and I didn’t truly want to go to the U. S. ; however, I decided I must go and make my own future. I realized that this was my chance to build my career which would benefit me and my family. It was an emotional evening. I will always remember it. It was a lovely day with a sunny morning, a cloudy afternoon, and a windy evening. That morning, I went to the America Embassy for an appointment with the delegate for an interview to receive my F-1 Visa. Maybe it was my lucky day. There were many people who wanted to get a Visa that day. I had waited more than three hours in the waiting room for my turn. I was nervous about what he would ask me. But the interview was easier than I thought. I passed it with a smile on my face. When my father knew I had passed the interview, he was really happy. He told me he would organize a big farewell party for me, and he did it. He invited all of our relatives and friends. Then we prepared everything for the upcoming party together. When all of us were in my house, we separated two groups. One went to market to buy food and beverages. Another group went to the bakery to buy a big farewell cake. We attended the farewell party with a happy atmosphere. During the evening, we took photos and sang the songs we loved. We had a feast with a diverse menu, which included appetizers, main dishes and the desserts. We were joking while we were cooking and eating. The meal was good, but I really enjoyed our affection for each other. After the dinner, we went to the living room to continue the party with playing cards and video games. After a while, my grandpa began telling us some his legend tales. Step by step, everybody told many funny stories that made me laugh too much. I knew everyone was sad that I would be leaving, but they still celebrated because they loved me. I realized it, and I laughed with them because I didn’t want them worry about me. On the other hand, I still wanted to be alone so that I could think about many things. I didn’t even know what I was thinking about. I just wanted to find a quiet space so that I could feel peaceful in my mind. I climbed up, sat on the roof and looked at the stars on the sky. Some thought started appearing in my mind. I knew when I left my country; my parents would be sad and worry about me. I thought about my younger brother, who was still a teenager and hoped he would start studying hard and listening to what my parents said. I was also concerned that I would not see my grandparents anymore because they were very old. I knew I would miss my aunts and uncles also. I thought about my friends and all the good time we’d had together. We still had many plans to perform together. Furthermore, I thought about my future. I might perceive and experience more things in the other culture. In addition, I was able to improve my English skill in listening as speaking. This was my opportunity in order to build my career according to my plan; this also was my chance so that I could found my own company. Otherwise, I would be independent. I imagined that how many troubles I would meet. Not only I didn’t scare, but I also felt interesting. I would figure them out and handled by myself. There were some reasons motivate me that I should left Vietnam to the U. S. That really was my significant event; the first time I seriously thought about a lot of things in one night. And now I realize I have matured more since I came here. I’m becoming a man. I may solve many problems as well as I know how to take care of myself. Nonetheless, I still miss my parents, my all relatives. I always want to graduate the University as fast as I can so that I could come back my country and visit all of them. How to cite This Is My Most Important Event in My Life, Papers

La Solidaridad (English The Solidarity) Sample Essay Example For Students

La Solidaridad (English: The Solidarity) Sample Essay La Solidaridad ( English: The Solidarity ) was an organisation created in Spain on December 13. 1888. Composed of Filipino progressives exiled in 1872 and pupils go toing Europe’s universities. the organisation aimed to increase Spanish consciousness of the demands of its settlement. the Philippines. and to propagate a closer relationship between the settlement and Spain. Headed by Jose Rizal’s cousin. Galican Apacible. it besides issued a newspaper of the same name which was published in Barcelona. Spain on February 15. 1889. It was edited by Graciano Lopez-Jaena and subsequently on by Marcelo H. del Pilar. The newspaper published non merely articles and essays about the economic. cultural. political. and societal conditions of the state. but besides current intelligence. both local and foreign. and addresss of outstanding Spanish leaders about the Philippines. Members†¢Dr. Jose Rizal ( LaongLaan )†¢Marcelo H. del Pilar ( Plaridel )†¢Antonio Luna ( Taga-Ilog )†¢Mariano Ponce ( Tikbalang )†¢Jose Maria Panganiban ( Jomapa Other Members†¢Pedro Paterno†¢Antonio Maria Regidor†¢Isabelodelos Reyes†¢Eduardo de Lete†¢Jose Alejandrino†¢Jumarlim†¢Robert Lacamra International Members†¢Professor Ferdinand Blumentritt ( Austrian ethnologist )†¢Dr. Miguel MoraytaSagrario ( Spanish Historian. university professor and solon ) HistoryIn order to happen a locale where the desire of the Propaganda Movement towards accomplishing assimilation can be expressed. La Solidaridad was established. The first issue of the La Solidaridad came out on February 15. 1889. Published biweekly. it served as the chief organ of the reform motion for six old ages. In general. its financess came from the Comite de Propaganda in the Philippines. Rizal was foremost offered the place of its editorship. However. he declined because he was really busy footnoting Antonio de Morga’s Sucesos de las Islas Filipinas in London. In the terminal. Graciano Lopez-Jaena showed an involvement in going the editor. On April 25. 1889. La Solidaridad published the missive entitled â€Å"The aspirations of the Filipinos† which was written by the Asociacion Hispano-Filipina de Madrid ( English: Hispanic Filipino Association of Madrid ) . It pursued desires for: †¢Representation in the Cortezs †¢Abolition of animadversion†¢An expressed and definite prohibition of the bing patterns of expatriating occupants by strictly administrative order. and without a writ of executing from the tribunals of justness. On December 15. 1889. Marcelo H. del Pilar replaced Graciano Lopez-Jaena as the editor of the La Solidaridad. Under his editorship. the purposes of the newspaper expanded and drew the attending on politicians and even Spanish curates. Using propaganda. it pursued desires for: †¢That the Philippines be a state of Spain †¢Representation in the Cortezs†¢Filipino priests alternatively of Spanish friars–Augustinians. Dominicans. and Franciscans–in parishes and remote sitios†¢Freedom of assembly and address†¢Equal rights before the jurisprudence ( for both Filipino and Spanish complainants ) After old ages of publication from 1889 to 1895. La Solidaridad had begun to run out of financess. It ceased publication on November 15. 1895. with 7 volumes and 160 issues. In del Pilar’s farewell editorial. he said: â€Å"We are persuaded that no forfeits are excessively small to win the rights and the autonomy of a state that is oppressed by bondage. † THE ORGANIZATION Galicano Apacible was the first president of the La Solidaridad. With him was Graciano Lopez-Jaena as vice-president. Mariano Ponce as financial officer. and Jose Rizal. who was so in London. as Honorary President. Apacible did non stay long plenty as president since could non keep the spat reformists together any longer. What the organisation needed were people like Rizal and Marcelo H. del Pilar who could reunite the sentiments of the Filipinos in Spain. La Solidaridad was viewed as a rival organisation for Miguel Morayta’s Spanish Orient Lodge of Freemasonry. Later. the two organisations collaborated in their request to the Minister of Colonies. Their requests were as follows: ?to have representation in the Spanish Cortezs .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .postImageUrl , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:hover , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:visited , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:active { border:0!important; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:active , .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9 .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc3ad5ceafddbbf6cbfa9fcc19747c3b9:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Trail of tears Essay?to get rid of the censoring of the imperativeness?to prohibit the pattern of exile of citizens through administrative orders The use of Spanish linguistic communication in their articles and columns that was unfamiliar to the Filipino people was one of the factors that limited their influence. plus the controlled flow of the reading stuff endangered the really being of the publication. But La Solidaridad reached local ilustrados and lead radical forces however. The efforts of Spanish regulation for La Solidaridad gave more accent to the deficiency of freedom the propagandists were runing for. Since the propagandists wrote accurate issues about the soci ety. empathy was given by the readers. The subjugation felt by the people enkindled and set forth the continuity of reformation by any agencies possible during those dark times. THE Publication Soon plenty. on 15 February 1889. through Jaena. the La Solidaridad newspaper was created. It served as the chief organ of the Propaganda Movement for over five old ages. with its last issue released on 15 November 1895. To cite the column in the first issue of La Solidaridad: â€Å"Our aspirations are modest. really modest. Our programmed. aside from being simple. is clear: to battle reaction. to halt all retrograde stairss. to laud and follow broad thoughts. to support advancement ; in a word. to be a propagandist. above all. of democratic thoughts in order to do these supreme in all states here and across the seas. The purposes. hence. of La Solidaridad are described as to roll up. to garner. libertarian thoughts which are manifested daily in the field of political relations. scientific discipline. art. literature. commercialism. agribusiness and industry. We shall besides discourse all jobs associating to the general involvement of the state and seek solutions to those jobs in h igh-level and democratic mode. † The Solidaridad became successful through the parts of Filipino authors in Barcelona. viz. : 1. Marcelo H. del Pilar ( anonym: Plaridel ) 2. Jose Rizal ( anonym: LaongLaan )3. Mariano Ponce ( anonym: Naning. Kalipulako. Tikbalang )Between 1872 and 1892. a national consciousness was turning among the Filipino emigres who had settled in Europe. In the freer ambiance of Europe. these emigres – progressives exiled in 1872 and pupils go toing European universities- full filled their desire to organize a strictly Filipino organisation with the constitution of La Solidaridad in Barcelona on December 13. 1888. Rizal’s cousin. GalicanoApacible. became president of La Solidaridad. Among the other officers were Graciano Lopez-Jaena as vice-president and Mariano Ponce as financial officer. Rizal. in London at the clip. was named Honorary President. Unfortunately. Apacible could non keep the haggle reformists together. The prestigiousness of Rizal and the political wisdom of delPilar were needed to unify the Filipinos in Spain and to organize their attempts. But eventually. on February 15. 1889. the Filipino propagand ists were able to acquire together behind a new publication which they called La Solidaridad. and which for its more than five old ages of its being became the chief organ of the propaganda motion. It existed up to November 15. 1895. Its first editor was Graciano Lopez-Jaena. a celebrated speechmaker and pamphleteer who had left the islands in 1880 after the publication of his satirical short novel ( Fray Botod ( Brother Fatso ) . an uncomplimentary portrayal of a provincial mendicant ) . He was shortly succeeded by Marcelo H. del Pilar. La Solidaridad was a political propaganda paper with a broad. progressive orientation dedicated to the undertaking of contending reaction in all its signifiers. The paper stood for the moderate purposes of representation of the Philippines in the Cortes. or Spanish parliament ; secularisation of the clergy ; legalisation of Spanish and Filipino equality ; creative activity of a public school system independent of the mendicants ; abolishment of the Polo ( labour service ) and vandala ( forced sale of local merchandises to the authorities ) ; warrant of basic freedoms of address and association ; and equal chance for Filipinos and Spanish to com e in authorities service. The column of the first issue of La Solidaridad expressed its purpose: â€Å"Our aspirations are modest. really modest. .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .postImageUrl , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:hover , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:visited , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:active { border:0!important; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:active , .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub37abfec26af157745f763c411a5ddaa:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: How Democratic Was Andrew Jackson EssayOur plan. aside from being simple. is clear: to battle reaction. to halt all retrograde stairss. to laud and follow broad thoughts. to support advancement ; in a word. to be a propagandist. above all. of democratic thoughts in order to do these supreme in all states here and across the seas. The purposes. hence. of La Solidaridad are described as to roll up. to garner. libertarian thoughts which are manifested daily in the field of political relations. scientific discipline. art. literature. commercialism. agribusiness and industry. We shall besides discourse all jobs associating to the general involvement of the state and seek soluti ons to those jobs in high-level and democratic mode. With respect to the Philippines. since she needs the most aid. non being represented in the Cortes. we shall pay peculiar attending to the defence of her democratic rights. the achievement of which is our loyal responsibility.

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Example

Lisening skills are paramount to social work Essay Describe, demonstrate and analyse how listening skills are central to effective communication in social work practice. It is expected that you include your learning from all the role plays reflecting on feedback from the service users/peers and tutors. The following essay intends to describe, demonstrate and analyse the above statement, it will do this by giving definitions and analysis of the communication process, and it will also look at the importance of listening, meaning and interpretation. Also incorporated will be power indifferences within communication as will ethical issues and the use of anti-oppressive practices surrounding communication and social work practice. The essay will incorporate service uses feedback and knowledge gained in communication module classes throughout. To understand communication this essay will first describe the process through a commonly used simple communication model, with its basic elements, the communication source, the encoder, the message, the channel, the decoder, and the communication receiver. [Berlo:1960] a simple model of communication from Shannon and weavers, known as the process school of communication. Their model involved three elements, the transmitter, the person starting the communication process, and in between both of these the noise, any factors that interfere or undermine the communication taking place, this point was raised during service uses feedback in seminars, during a role to play a social worker was fidgeting, this was distracting and a phone rang, this is known as background noise. We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Lisening skills are paramount to social work specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Finally there is the receiver, the person being communicated with. The communication process involves five major elements, the message, the transmission medium, the receiver and the feedback. The message is not the only information sent, it also includes emotions, which is what gives the words meaning, as words do not establish the full meaning or message being sent as interpretation plays a part in understanding meaning. There are three fundamental elements in interpretation, which are, the setting, the service user and the agency. It is my understanding that the relationship of the three elements of interpretation will define what interpretation is, and its importance in reaching the correct interpretation. (Gregory Bateson), anthropologist, stated that every communication sends two messages in unison with the basic message, this is called the Meta message, which is encoded and overlap on to the basic message. This indicates how the message is wished to be received, by using certain words, tone of voice (ect). Communication is a social interaction through messages, however it is a very complex multilevel event, one of Batesons theories on Meta messages, states that communication involves the communication of a relationship. How language is used, the words, tone, delivery of speech and facial expressions, can dramatically influence the way a person interprets the message. Meaning refers to the intention of a speaker to have some effect on the listener, which must be combined with proper conventions which communication realise the intended meaning, (to make clear). There are three major dimensions of meaning: 1. The evaluative dimension, in which receivers express the degree of favourable, or unfavourable ness towards the words. Evaluative scales include, good/bad, valuable/worthless, fair/unfair and honest/dishonest. 2. An activity dimension, is the one which expresses the perceptions of a receiver towards the amount of movement or activity in an object or event. Activity scales include, active/passive, fast/slow, vibrant/still, dynamic/static and varied/repetitive. The potency dimension, which represents the feelings of strength and weakness, that perceived by an individual. Potency scales include, serious/humorous, potent/impotent, strong/weak, heavy/light and hard and soft. [Saeed:215: 1994] These connotative meanings do not mean that people have the same evaluative meanings for words, but they tend to use the same time dimensions to judge words. meaning can refer to interpretation. When dealing with meaning and interpretation with children, they can appear to contradict themselves with the use of language that adults use. This is because they tend to take the adults questions in literal terms, in the feedback from the service users, it was pointed out that asking children how they feel is usually avoided as children have different perceptions of what feel means to adults and it can be a confusing question It also states in a guide interviewing children, that sentence structure is an important factor to consider, it is sometimes assumed that if a child knows all the individual words in the sentence, they therefore understand the whole sentence.

How to Write a Coaching Philosophy Essay

How to Write a Coaching Philosophy Essay Coaching Philosophy Features of writing on coaching philosophy How to start a coaching philosophy essay How to write an outline How to write a thesis for a coaching philosophy essay How to write an introduction Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing How to write body paragraphs Tips on body writing How to finish a coaching philosophy essay Tips on conclusion writing Tips on revision Coaching philosophy essay sample Features of writing on coaching philosophy Writing about coaching philosophy is something that needs a lot of care. You need to show how your coaching has a philosophy, and how it helps over other forms of teaching and coaching. Essays which focus on coaching philosophies need to focus on how this philosophy works as an all-rounded concept, rather than simply as one tiny portion of events. How to start a coaching philosophy essay Start a coaching philosophy essay by writing down exactly what you think your philosophy is, and then work from there. Researching other coaching philosophies, so that you can more easily compare your own view to that of other coaches. Make sure you know what kind of essay you are writing, as this will affect the structure and the type of language used. Remember to make a good thesis statement. Start off well – this is your first opportunity to impress people with your writing. How to write an outline Writing an outline is useful for a number of reasons, and writing one is quite easy to do. Decide why you are writing an outline, and then use it to help you write your essay. Outlines can hold quotations, ideas for paragraphs, or be used to check your structure. It’s up to you. I. Introduction Thesis statement: Coaching is not just about sports, but also about life in general. II. Body Paragraphs Understand the rules of the game. Understand the culture of sportsmanship, and how it works. Understand how sportsmanship applies in life in general. III. Conclusion A final argument which draws everything together. How to write a thesis for a coaching philosophy essay Decide what your fundamental philosophy is when it comes to coaching: that is your thesis statement. Since a thesis is the arguments you are about to make in the essay boiled down into one or two sentences, it should be to the point. How to write an introduction Writing an introduction is fairly simple. Make sure that you have all the ideas that you want to explore in your essay, your thesis statement, and any history that you want to add in. Put it into a well-written paragraph, and this will start your essay off well. Many people prefer to write their introductions at the end of their essays. Tips on introduction and thesis statement writing The introduction should include a hook to get people interested and keep them reading. The thesis statement should be short and to the point – no more than two sentences. The introduction is what really starts your essay, so bring your A-game. How to write body paragraphs Body paragraphs are where the main work is done, and so they form the bulk of the essay. Each paragraph deals with one particular argument, and they should be arranged with care so that they make the most logical sense when taken as a whole. Tips on body paragraphs writing Body paragraphs should take people on a logical journey through the arguments being made. Remember to stick to one argument per paragraph. Make sure to do enough research so that you can fill the paragraph, but not so much that you are overfilling them. Include a topic sentence and a concluding sentence in every paragraph. Make sure that each body paragraph fits in with and mentions the thesis statement in some way. How to finish a coaching philosophy essay Draw your arguments together and make one final argument in your conclusion. This is where everything you have said, and every argument you have made, will be finally concluded. It is your last chance to get your audience to agree with you and your argument. Tips on conclusion writing Restate the thesis statement. Draw all your arguments together in a logical manner. Make one final argument to convince your readers of the truth of what you are saying. Tips on revision Revise for grammar and spelling errors, and then again for structure. Try and leave your work for a while, to see it with fresh eyes – if you can, try and have someone else reading it to see what you might have missed. Make sure that your essay flows logically from point to point. Make sure that the thesis statement turns up in the introduction and conclusion. Make sure every body paragraph has a topic sentence and a concluding sentence. Coaching philosophy essay sample My own personal coaching philosophy is tied up in helping people to be the best they can be. Coaching is not just about sports, but also about life in general. Sports and the skills people learn in them are applicable throughout life. It is my job as a coach to help people learn these skills, and learn how to apply them. To make sure that the people I teach learn these important skills, I take the time to make sure that they understand the rules of the game, and also the general culture which surrounds good sportsmanship. I also take the time to teach them how this applies to everyday life. Understanding the rules of the game is very important to be able to play it, and play it well, not to mention passing your skills on to someone else. If you understand the rules, that allows you to understand the game. To do this, I begin with the basics and make sure that all of my students can fully utilize them in play. Once that has been established, I work in the more complicated rules and show how good use of the rules is a fundamental part of sportsmanship and life. Sportsmanship is an important thing to learn, for anybody. Being sporting is something that can lead you to become a graceful loser and a humble winner. It isn’t just about learning how to apply the rules properly; it’s about how to understand them in context. Sportsmanship applies throughout the sporting world, and it is important to know how to handle conversations and situations which will arise during the times you are playing, or otherwise involved in sports. Being able to handle sportsmanship in sports can be extremely helpful in learning how to use it in life in general. Sportsmanship is something which can serve children well throughout their life. Think of what sportsmanship actually is – it is how to act in certain situations. There aren’t any rules saying that sportsmanship should be confined purely to sports. Knowing how to lose gracefully and be humble, knowing when to concede to another person – all of this is useful during your life. Learning how this is useful, and how to apply it, is one of my jobs as a coach, and I feel that those lessons are one of the most important parts of my teaching career. My coaching philosophy is one which places sports and sportsmanship in a holistic approach to life as a whole. Coaching is not just about sports, but also about life in general. From knowing the rules to know how to apply them both in sports and in real life, coaching is about helping people to become their best selves. Coaching is something that can help people learn about themselves, and can help them integrate their lives more easily than would otherwise be possible. Coaching is something that has the potential to affect someone far beyond the sports that people participate in.

Conflict in The Middle East Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Conflict in The Middle East - Assignment Example Various western states had varied stands regarding the matter. First, in the need to quench the conflict, the British reduced the migration of the Jews into Palestine. In addition, they rejected the suggestion of an independent state in Palestine. Second, the United States approved for the creation of an independent Jews state. This was despite the fact the Jews were only a third of the whole Palestine population. Nonetheless, the United Nation intervened and partitioned Palestine into a Jewish and an Arab State. Consequently, both sides remained bitter (Spielvogel p896-898). The emergence of Colonel Abdel Nasser as a new leader in Egypt raised the hopes of the possible end of Arab-Israel conflict. Through the help of the United States he was able to reclaim the Suez Canal which of great interest to the British and the French. Thereafter, Egypt led to the formation of the Palestine Liberation Movement to unite the Palestinians (Spielvogel p896-898). Understanding the present day Middle East conflict enables one to have better understanding of the possible causes of the start and failures to ending the

The Corporation as a Legal Entity Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

The Corporation as a Legal Entity - Coursework Example The formation of an entity requires the input of different stakeholders, including the owners, the investors, and the directors and managers. At law, the corporation is a separate legal entity from all those people involved in its formation, and has it owns rights and liabilities. Therefore, it is evident that the corporation has its own rights and duties, separate from the directors and stakeholders in the company, who are usually separated from the corporation by a corporate veil. This means that a company can, in its own right, perform contracts, own assets, perform lawful actions, and be liable to the authority in its own name. This principle, called the Salomon Principle, was established in 1897 in the case of Salomon V. Salomon, which will be discussed in detail at a later stage in this paper. This principle was later affirmed by the House of Lords, which stated that the company is not an agent of the owners of the said company. This means that, in law, the company is an entire ly separate being from the subscribers to its memorandum, and in law, is not an agent or trustee of the said subscribers. The Establishment of the Doctrine of Incorporation The doctrine of incorporation was firmly established by the House of Lords in Salomon V. ... ted that, even though the company could be the same as it was before incorporation, with the same managers, same people sharing profits, it is still an entirely separate entity. The members are, therefore, not liable in any way for the company, except in instances as prescribed in the Companies Act 2006. In stressing this doctrine, the House legalized the usage of the corporation by individuals seeking to put a veil between themselves and their creditors. The effects of this decision are widespread, for example, in Foss V. Harbottle (1843), it was held that the corporation can sue and be sued in its separateness from the shareholders. The decision in Regal (Hastings) V. Gulliver (1942) also established that the other effect of the Salomon Principle was that the company has perpetual succession, and that the company can enter into contracts in its own name, separate from its shareholders. The fourth implication of the Salomon Principle is that the corporation has the sole right to acq uire, possess and dispose of its own assets, which was decided in Macaura V. Northern Assurance Limited (1925). However, Lord MacNaughten’s ruling concerning the Salomon Principle was not a good decision, since it gives some parties unreasonable shield, which can be detrimental to the individuals dealing with the companies. The case established an important principle in company law, that of the independent existence of a registered company or corporation. The inflexible application of this principle can be detrimental to the persons dealing with the company, since the corporate veil is insecure. Piercing the Corporate Veil As previously stated, there are instances where courts are allowed to remove the corporate veil enjoyed by shareholders and apportion liability directly to the

Was William Shakespeare the author of his plays and sonnets Essay

Was William Shakespeare the author of his plays and sonnets - Essay Example It is difficult to determine the identity of the young man, which is apparent from references made in individual sonnets (Baxter, 1917). As the most important the documents of the time did not mentioned such name such as a Shakespeare. During the Renaissance period, poets were not allowed to publish poetry, so it is possible to assume that one of the poets took a pseudonym "William Shake-speare". Critics suppose that his true name was Edward de Vere. Edward de Vere was better educated than Shakespeare which allowed de Vere to describe events and manners of those times in details. On the other hand, the main problem is that there is no evidence that Shakespeare was an actor. "For example, there is no record of any part he may have played, and only two posthumous traditions to bit parts" (A Beginner's Guide, n.d.). The main fact against Shakespeare's authorship is that no manuscripts of Shakespeare's plays survive. Indeed, there are very few manuscripts available to scholars of plays of the Elizabethan and Jacobean period. Also, many editions, used as a basis for making modern texts into performances in modern theatres, have been put together by editors from early (sixteenth and seventeenth century) printed versions of the plays, published in small editions after the play itself had ceased to be regularly performed. In these editions the text is not always divided into acts and scenes, and when it is, the work, together with the punctuation, spelling and stage directions, is that of the first compositors who set the type from a manuscript probably supplied by the theatre. The first eight plays of Shakespeare to be published did not bear his name, but this was standard practice at the time, since few editions of plays bore the name of the author. It is important to note that this was normal pra ctice at the time, for once a dramatist had sold his play to a theatrical enterprise, he gave up his ownership and copyright of the work. So, it is possible to say that the plays were not written by Shakespeare. In a preface to their work, the editors claim that their texts are more reliable than those to be found in the quartos, many of which were illegally or hastily prepared. (Lancashire, 1998). Other facts against Shakespeare's authorship state that some of the earliest printed versions of the same Shakespeare play differ, quite significantly, in the text that they print. The question then arises as to which of the different versions is the 'correct' one. The main problem is that there is no definitive, generally excepted edition. Also most all texts have been reconstructed by generations of scholars from several of the earliest printed editions of the play. In the practice of Shakespeare's theatre, the authority of the written text was secondary to that of the spoken and the visual, and what was considered to be theatrically effective - what made people actually want to pay money to visit the theatre - was the paramount consideration of the actors and dramatist. The Elizabethan theatre did not possess a huge repertory of classic plays from the past. Almost all the plays shown on the public stages were being shown for the first time, this meant that there was tremendous pressure on dramatists such as Shakespeare to go on producing new plays, because audiences wanted, above all, to see new work. The players, or certainly

How Has Social Networking Affected Society Media Essay

How Has Social Networking Affected Society Media Essay The internet has revolutionized the way in which people communicate. The proliferation of this medium of communication and data transfer has made it difficult to believe that only a few decades back, people had to wait for days and sometimes weeks for a letter to reach them. Today communication is a very quick process and it is the internet that has made it possible. The latest byproduct of the internet is what is called social networking. There are numerous websites like Orkut, Facebook and MySpace that are used by individuals to find their friends and stay in contact with them. It is impossible to ignore the impact that social networking has had on human society. This paper will study the different ways by which social networking sites have influenced society. The positive and negative effects of this cyber phenomenon will also be delved upon. The popularity of the internet among the masses was made possible mainly due to email. People could send emails to any part of the world and could receive emails instantaneously. Subsequently there were websites that integrated audio and visual elements to make internet browsing a user friendly experience. Today, handheld devices utilize the internet for various purposes. This means that the internet and related applications can be made available to any person who knows how to use a compatible handheld device. For many people the internet has become an absolute necessity that they cannot do without in their daily lives. Even though in the beginning internet services were utilized by commercial establishments to further their business interests, technologically inclined entrepreneurs brought together Voice Over Internet Protocol (VOIP), photo sharing, instant messaging, ecommerce, multiplayer gaming and so on and created websites that were aimed at bringing people together (Ishak, n.d ). This initiative led to the growth of the social networking revolution. People found out that they could use the internet to connect with other people. It was also possible to rekindle old relationships and stay in touch with long lost relatives or those who were living in other countries. Social networking sites today are the most highly valued internet companies. This is because almost anyone who uses the internet is a member on at least one of these sites. Some may also have memberships in various social networking sites like Orkut, Facebook and MySpace. This widespread adoption of social networking sites has definitely impacted the way human beings socialize. There are hundreds of social networking sites today that connect people across the world. Some target people who have common interests and some do not have any such criteria and are open to all (Ishak, n.d). Online social networks focus on building and reflecting social relationships among people who share interests and/or activities (Ishak, n.d). Social networks enable a person to have a profile where he/she is able to include information about him/her and also include friends. Personal experiences are shared by way of messages, photos, videos and other media. A few of the most popular social networking sites that have millions of members are Facebook, Twitter, MySpace, Orkut etc. Socializing on the internet was not pioneered by these websites. Email and messengers like ICQ have always enabled people to do so nearly a decade ago. But these websites have made it possible to include a large number of people in groups and stay in touch with them effortlessly (Ishak, n.d). The social web and mobile technologies have accelerated the rate at which relationships develop, information is shared and influence takes hold (Benioff, 2012). Social technology is used to shape the events of the world. Websites like Facebook have given a new way to communicate and reach out with the help of groups and friends. Portable devices like tablets and smartphones have applications that help people access their friends regardless of their location. The impact of social media has been seen in peoples movements like the Arab Spring and the Occupy movement. People who are connected to each other with these means have managed to rally crowds and gather an audience that helped them in toppling political regimes (Benioff, 2012). Social networking has made it easier for people to meet other people. Not all people are outgoing enough to take the initiative and meet others. Conventional opportunities to make friends were during social gatherings when people had an opportunity to meet other people. Since some people are introverts they find it difficult to muster enough courage to meet someone and strike up a conversation. Social networking ensures that everybody has a level playing field. Even people who do not have an impressive personality per se can have hundreds of friends on their profile and also interacts with each other on a daily basis. Not all friends on a social networking profile need to be close friends. Some may be brief acquaintances but in due course of time a relationship could be developed (Parrack, 2012). People often spend a very long time on social networking sites. This is because of the sharing of experiences that takes place between people. People on a friends list tend to listen and respond to messages and even dispel any concerns that are voiced by other friends. Since modern lifestyle does not give people enough time to communicate, communication systems need to be extremely fast. Social networks are very fast and it is possible to send a message and get a reply to that within a matter of seconds. There is also a sense of equality despite the locations that people may be in and hence social networking sites have made the world a much smaller place. It is also possible for people with similar interests to interact. By sharing likes, dislikes, interests, hobbies etc, people tend to move closer to each other despite the physical distance between them (Parrack, 2012). Every individual will feel the need to maintain certain weak ties. These could be with people whom one meets during the course of the day. Asking for a phone number may not be possible due to the nature of the relationship. Potential benefits of keeping in touch with certain people might be for arranging play dates or discussing a hobby. These are interactions that do not require a very close relationship. Social networking is a very useful tool for such people. Interaction will be possible during that particular time and also in the future when it is necessary. Bonding with friends and family is different from associating oneself with the weak ties. Social networking sites allow individuals to manage a wider network of weak ties and thus increase bridging social capital (Ellison, Lampe, Steinfield, 2009). When a persons social network is improved it will help them to increase the information that is available to them and also to improve the opportunities that they have. In a study that was conducted among undergraduates it was found that merely using the internet did not increase the social capital. Only intensive use of websites like Facebook led to higher levels of social capital. Before the advent of these sites people used communication strategies like newsletters and gossip to discuss about their past and present acquaintances. Social networking sites have enabled status messages and regular updates that enable people to engage in lightweight social surveillance. It is true that most of the status messages are about seemingly trivial matters. A friend may have got a new dog, an old colleague may have changed his job and knowing about these may not make any change in ones life but it is the awareness of ones social network that provides a continuous link to the acquaintances (Elli son, Lampe, Steinfield, 2009). Social networking sites can assist in coordinating and mobilizing social action (Ellison, Lampe, Steinfield, 2009). There are several organizations that have managed to mobilize the society and influenced it. Political figures, organizations and advocacy groups can find supporters very easily with the help of such websites. For any network to have value it needs support from as many numbers of people as possible. Focused networking sites like for instance MyChurch.com unites Christian churches and the website Care2.com unites environmental activists. There is also a social networking site that unites activists called Change.org. This site has been used in the past to organize protests and boycotts in an efficient manner. This has only been made possible due to the number of members who follow such websites and the messages that are posted regularly (Ellison, Lampe, Steinfield, 2009). Social networking has also had several adverse effects on the society. According to Sherry Turkle, a clinical psychologist, a social network not only changes what an individual does but also changes the person that he/she is. People tend to befriend people on Facebook but tend to keep people in their lives at a distance. Today it is possible for a person to tweet a message to a thousand followers at the same time but the same person fails to pick up a telephone which is a much more efficient mode of communication and talk to someone. According to Turkle, the relationships that are forged in this way offer the illusion of companionship without the demands of friendship (Strachan, 2012). In other words we are only getting used to a way of being alone together (Strachan, 2012). Social networking sites have also had an impact on the communication styles that are adopted by people. Writing has become more concise due to micro blogging sites like Twitter. Several abbreviations like LOL for laughing out loud, BRB for be right back, ROTLR for rolling on the floor laughing are being used. This is not considered to be a very good trend by people because it corrupts the English language. Apart from abbreviations words are also shortened as the necessity may be. Before becomes b4, to becomes 2and so on. The main problem with this is that it is the younger generation that is using this kind of communication before even becoming proficient with the language. Even if it is assumed that this is only a trend that will pass then those who use this kind of language will face problems when they grow up are expected to use formal English language (Sherman, 2010). While it is true that social networking sites enable us to organize our real world relationships it also adversely affects a persons ability to socialize. People nowadays are obsessed about composing a perfect tweet or a good Facebook status update that they forget to enjoy the important events in their lives. For instance in a survey that was conducted about this subject it was revealed that 24% of the respondents missed out on enjoying special moments because they were busy trying to document the occasion for their friends on social networking sites (Laird, 2012). People who are not mature about their real world relationships tend to vent out their relationship woes on social networking sites. This could have a disastrous consequence on their relationship itself (Kaiser, 2012). Americans in particular have become less participant-oriented. They prefer to remain only as audience members. In the past there used to be a propensity to join sports teams, and civic groups. Today people tend to live an isolated life. Such an existence will only lead to lesser empathy and fewer social skills. People are so used to dealing with people online that they cannot bring themselves to talk with their neighbors. It is the real life social networks that are being destroyed by virtual social networks. In the United States, suburban streets have started to look deserted. People no longer gather to communicate or just have a good time. Children are addicted to their computer screens and video games. Neighbors who might be burning up the social media pages inside their homes barely know each other outside (Robinson, 2011). According to a recent study, social networking sites like Facebook and Twitter are supposedly more addictive than cigarettes or alcohol. This addiction is due to the fact that checking updates on these sites is neither expensive nor does it have any adverse effects on ones health. Desires for media may be comparatively harder to resist because of their high availability and also because it feels like it does not cost much to engage in these activities, even though one wants to resist (Epstein, 2012). However there is a psychological explanation to this addiction. Receiving or answering a notification results in a hit of Dopamine which is a chemical neurotransmitter that is associated with reward responses in the human brain. Dopamine is also released while consuming drugs or indulging in sexual activity. This is why social networking can be addictive (Franceschi-Bicchierai, 2012). In an online poll that was conducted among a thousand teenagers, it was revealed that four out of five experienced negative side effects when they were not allowed to access their social networking accounts. Sites like Twitter and Facebook made them have negative feelings like depression, insecurity, panic and dependence (Dungan, 2012). Yet another problem that is seen on social networking site is bullying. The internet seems to give people a sense of anonymity that brings out the mean streak in them. According to a research study by the Pew Research Center, where 800 teenagers were surveyed, it was seen that incidents of mean and cruel behavior transcended all ages and backgrounds on social networks. (Kang, 2011). Bullying in schools and colleges is common but the ease of communication on the internet makes it possible for peers to join forces and gang up on an individual. Of those who had seen such cruelty online 21% joined in the harassment. Out of ten girls aged twelve to thirteen, three admitted to having experienced unkind treatment. Teenagers assumed a different personality online that was markedly different from that of their real personality. Some of them approached their online friends with more bravado than they had in real life conversations. Facebook is a website that requires its members to use real names to prevent anonymous bullying. But it has not stopped bullying altogether. The online peer groups become meaner when the child is of a younger age (Kang, 2011). Social networking encourages people to be more public about their lives. Intimate details of a persons personal life may be available to other people in the form of posts, status updates, photos and videos. These will stay in the public domain even after the accounts are deleted by the user. It is also possible that someone might have downloaded them to their computers. These can then be altered to malign the reputation of a person. For instance a picture of a person doing shots at a party may look absolutely fine to their friends. But when a prospective employer is doing a background check, the very same photo may land the person in trouble (Jung, 2012). This loss of privacy is a very serious issue that can affect people in a society. Social networking is a very influential mode of communication. Social networking sites like Facebook and MySpace make it possible for member to communicate with ease with their friends and family. It has become easier to enter into relationships with such websites. Hand held devices like tablets and smartphones have applications that enable users to log in to the social network from their devices and stay in touch with their friends. However social networking also has its adverse effects on the society. People have started to get addicted to networking sites. This addiction to updating ones status on a networking site has made people incapable to engage in real life interactions with people. People are also developing a different identity online that makes then indulge in bullying. Social networking therefore has profound influences on human society that are both beneficial as well as detrimental.

The Dam Debate :: Environmental John Muir Ecology Essays

The Dam Debate In the late 1800’s and early 1900’s, John Muir, a naturalist, and Marsden Manson, an engineer for the city of San Francisco, engaged in a heated debate over the construction of a dam in Hetchy Hetchy Valley. Muir wanted to preserve nature for the future, so he objected to the dam because he felt it would destroy the beauty of the area. On the other hand, Manson believed building a dam would provide water and electricity to the thousands of people who lived in the city of San Francisco, and this would preserve the well being of the human race for the future. Both men had good points and arguments to support their views; however, in the end you have to look out for your own kind. If there is a choice about the well being of the human race or nature, I believe there is only once choice to be made – the future support of the human race. John Muir supported saving Hetchy Hetchy Valley for several reasons. He believed building a dam would close the area to the public and restrict access for people to enjoy the outdoors through camping, hiking, or just getting in touch with nature (Muir). Manson, however, believed that there was more need to provide a future source of water and electricity to the tens of thousands of people who lived in the city during that time (Manson). It is possible that Manson saw the influx of people moving to San Francisco and knew the population would explode over the years and thus, saw the need for preserving some basic essential needs for human survival. He felt that preserving nature for a few hundred people who might go hiking or camping was far less important than preserving the human race. We all know that electricity is not an essential need to survive, because people have lived by fire and candlelight for centuries, but water is essential to survival. Another argument that was discussed was building a dam would exclude the public to the watershed above the dam. This was only partially true because it would only be closed for about three and a half months of the year. Yosemite Valley had been doing this for decades to keep Tuolumne Meadows clean. Closing the area for a brief time as Yosemite Valley does would be for the same reason – to keep the watershed clean.

Bullying in Our Life Essay

We all have been bullied or been a bullying in our life time, maybe not us. But our children have been bullied or is a bully without us even known. This is why I chose to write about bullying in school. We often hear on the news and internet how young people are shooting up schools, killing themselves cause of bullying. ‘‘60% of bullies have a criminal record† (Ryan Keller) by the adult age. However this essay will give you information and tools on how you and your child can solve bully problems in school s, also in the community’s even at work places. Most kids get teased by their sisters or brothers at some point in life and that’s what siblings usually do it’s not harmful teasing, but friendly and playful matter. But when it comes down to bullying were your teasing becomes hurtful, constant and really cross the line into bullying is a very intentional physical ,verbal Often time the child who is doing the bullying is a victim of bullying themselves, by someone at home. And they are looking for someone who appears to be weaker than them, so they can stand up to their bully. The second tool is we have to see why that child is a bully and help them to face their bully, they maybe stop begin a bully as well. The third tool is if you child see someone who is getting bullied, tell them don’t just walk by it go and get some help for them. Make a stand yell stop and help until someone comes and help.

Narrative Technique of Sula Essay

Although Sula is arranged in chronological order, it does not construct a linear story with the causes of each new plot event clearly visible in the preceding chapter. Instead, Sula uses â€Å"juxtaposition,† the technique through which collages are put together. The effects of a collage on the viewer depend on unusual combinations of pictures, or on unusual arrangements such as overlapping. The pictures of a collage don’t fit smoothly together, yet they create a unified effect. The â€Å"pictures† of Sula’s collage are separate events or character sketches. Together, they show the friendship of Nel and Sula as part of the many complicated, overlapping relationships that make up the Bottom. Morrison presents the novel from the perspective of an omniscient narrator — one who knows all the characters’ thoughts and feelings. An omniscient narrator usually puts the reader in the position of someone viewing a conventional portrait or landscape rather than a collage. (In such situations, the viewer can perceive the unity of the whole work with only a glance.) To create the collage-like effect of Sula, the omniscient narrator never reveals the thoughts of all the characters at one time. Instead, from chapter to chapter, she chooses a different point-of-view character, so that a different person’s consciousness and experience dominate a particular incident or section. In addition, the narrator sometimes moves beyond the consciousness of single, individual characters, to reveal what groups in the community think and feel. On the rare occasions when it agrees unanimously, she presents the united community’s view. As in The Bluest Eye and Jazz, the comm unity has such a direct impact on individuals that it amounts to a character. In narrative technique for Sula, Morrison draws on a specifically modernist usage of juxtaposition. Modernism, discussed in Chapter 3, was the dominant literary movement during the first half of the twentieth century. Writers of this period abandoned the unifying, omniscient narrator of earlier literature to make literature more like life, in which each of us has to make our own sense of the world. Rather than passively receiving a smooth, connected story from an authoritative narrator, the reader is forced to piece together a coherent plot and meaning from more separated pieces of  information. Modernists experimented with many literary genres. For example, T. S. Eliot created his influential poem The Wasteland by juxtaposing quotations from other literary works and songs, interspersed with fragmentary narratives of original stories. Fiction uses an analogous technique of juxtaposition. Each successive chapter of William Faulkner novel As I Lay Dying, for instance, drops the reader into a different character’s consciousness without the direction or help of an omniscient narrator. To figure out the plot, the reader must work through the perceptions of characters who range from a seven-year-old boy to a madman. The abrupt, disturbing shifts from one consciousness to another are an intended part of the reader’s experience. As with all literary techniques, juxtaposition is used to communicate particular themes. In Cane, a work that defies our usual definitions of literary genres, Jean Toomer juxtaposed poetry and brief prose sketches. In this way, Cane establishes its thematic contrast of rural black culture in the South and urban black culture of the North. Morrison, who wrote her master’s thesis on two modernists, Faulkner and Virginia Woolf, uses juxtaposition as a structuring device in Sula. Though relatively short for a novel, Sula has an unusually large number of chapters, eleven. This division into small pieces creates an intended choppiness, the uncomfortable sense of frequently stopping and starting. The content of the chapters accentuates this choppy rhythm. Almost every chapter shifts the focus from the story of the preceding chapter by changing the point-of-view character or introducing sudden, shocking events and delaying discussion of the characters’ motives until later. In â€Å"1921,† for example, Eva douses her son Plum with kerosene and burns him to death. Although the reader knows that Plum has become a heroin addict, Eva’s reasoning is not revealed. When Hannah, naturally assuming that Eva doesn’t know of Plum’s danger, tells her that Plum is burning, the chapter ends with Eva’s almost nonchalant â€Å"Is? My baby? Burning?† (48). Not until midway through the next chapter, â€Å"1923,† does Hannah’s questioning allow the reader to understand Eva’s motivation. Juxtaposition thus heightens the reader’s sense of incompleteness. Instead of providing quick resolution, juxtaposition  introduces new and equally disturbing events. Paradoxically, when an occasional chapter does contain a single story apparently complete in itself, it too contributes to the novel’s overall choppy rhythm. In a novel using a simple, chronological mode of narration, each succeeding chapter would pick up where the last one left off, with the main characters now involved in a different incident, but in some clear way affected by their previous experience. In Sula, however, some characters figure prominently in one chapter and then fade entirely into the background. The first chapter centers on Shadrack, and although he appears twice more and has considerable psychic importance to Sula and symbolic importance to the novel, he is not an important actor again. In similar fashion, Helene Wright is the controlling presence of the third chapter, â€Å"1920,† but barely appears in the rest of the book. These shifts are more unsettling than if Shadrack and Helene were ancestors of the other characters, generations removed, because the reader would then expect them to disappear. Their initial prominence and later shadowy presence contribute to the reader’s feeling of disruption. The choppy narration of Sula expresses one of its major themes, the fragmentation of both individuals and the community. Sula. New York: Knopf, 1973. Rpt. New York: Penguin, 1982

MLA Referencing †Citing an Edited Book (Proofread My Paper)

MLA Referencing – Citing an Edited Book MLA Referencing – Citing an Edited Book MLA referencing offers a simple way of citing sources in a college paper. However, for an edited book, there are some rules you need to remember, especially on the â€Å"† page. First, though, let’s take a quick look at citing sources in the text. In-Text Citations When citing something from an edited book in MLA, give the surname of the author of the section cited and the relevant page number(s) in parentheses: Communication can influence an individual’s expectations (Smith 253). As with other source types, you do not need to repeat the name of the author in citations when they’re already named in the text: According to Smith, communication is â€Å"one of the means by which an individual can influence another individual’s expectations† (253). The only time you’ll need to cite the editor or editors is when citing an edited volume as a whole, but this would be unusual most of the time. The Page (Chapter from an Edited Book) MLA requires that all sources cited are listed in a â€Å"† page at the end of your document. When citing a single chapter from an edited book, the format to use is: Author Surname, Forename. â€Å"Chapter Title.† Edited Book Title, edited by Editor’s Name, Publisher, Year, Page Range. As such, the essay used in the examples above would appear as: Smith, John W. â€Å"Communication and Expectations: A Social Process and the Cognitive Operations It Depends Upon and Influences.† Readings in Animal Cognition, edited by Mark Bekoff and Dale Jamieson, MIT Press, 1996, pp. 243-55. The Page (Multiple Chapters) This format differs slightly if you’re citing several chapters from the same edited book, as MLA referencing allows you to cross-reference entries to save repeating information. This involves first adding a separate entry in the â€Å"† list for the volume as a whole: Editor Surname, Forename, editor(s). Title of Book. Publisher, Year of Publication. If a book has multiple editors, you only need to invert the names of the first author. We would therefore list Readings in Animal Cognition as: Bekoff, Mark and Dale Jamieson, editors. Readings in Animal Cognition. MIT Press, 1996. After this, each essay from the edited volume can be listed separately, mentioning the editor(s) of the edited book and page range to show where they come from: Bekoff, Mark and Dale Jamieson, editors. Readings in Animal Cognition. MIT Press, 1996. Gruen, Lori. â€Å"Gendered Knowledge? Examining Influences on Scientific and Ethological Inquiries.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 17-27. Smith, John W. â€Å"Communication and Expectations: A Social Process and the Cognitive Operations It Depends Upon and Influences.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 243-55. Thornhill, Randy. â€Å"The Study of Adaptation.† Bekoff and Jamieson, pp. 107-27. Finally, remember to maintain alphabetical order by surname throughout your â€Å"† page. This order must be used even if it means that chapters from an edited book aren’t listed together.

Sustainable Solutions Paper. DBA strategy Essay

Sustainable Solutions Paper. DBA strategy - Essay Example As a business that deals with fashion and lifestyle products, Albani is concerned with sustainability of its customers and suppliers. Being a leading company in the perfume industry, Albani can be ranked as a successful or unsuccessful company through considerable consideration of its business environment. This will require the use of appropriate and up to date business analysis tools including porter’s five forces, general force analysis tools, SWOT analysis, and detailed value analysis. Sustainable operations will only result from strategic thinking and planning by the company’s managers. In the strategic planning, the company will require addressing both its production and supply channels. Executive Summary Sustainability of a business depends on various factors. These factors are fundamental characteristic of the business environment in which a firm operates. The sustainable solution paper analyzes the immediate environment of Albani Corporation. The paper also anal yzes the future of the company in terms of sustainability of its strategies and business structures. The sustainable solution paper begins by looking at the internal environment of the company. Internal business environment include immediate business factors controlled by the business. Such factors define the weakness and the strength of the company in relation to its competitors. Secondly, the paper analyzes the external environment of the company. Through the analysis, the paper utilizes essential industry analysis tools, which include SWOT/ SCOT analysis, landscape analysis, Boid analysis, Value Chain Analysis. Based on the above industrial and business analysis tool, the paper gives a long tern focus on the future of the market and industry in which Albani company operates (Alas, 2007). This focus or prediction is based on strategies derived from each of the analysis. General Force Analysis: the company is subject to economic forces that affects people’s purchasing power and way of life. Technology determines the production capacity and quality of the products that the company produces. Finally, consumption of Albani products is based on demographic factors such as gender ratios and dependency ratio it was established that the company targets people aged between 15- 40 years of age. Porter’s Five-Force Analysis Power of buyers: Buyers in the perfume industry have relatively low power and hence a low effect on the prices of the products Bargaining power of suppliers: The industry has few suppliers and hence they have high powers or ability to control the market and profitability of firms. Threats of substitutes: the industry has greatly differentiated products and hence minimal threats of substitutes. SWOT Analysis Strengths: Strong brand and Wide customer base are the main strengths of the company. Weakness: Using its positive values or strength the company hopes to eliminate its weakness, which includes Stretching demand and requirements for summer fragrances. Opportunity: By utilizing its strengths, the company hopes to exploits its opportunities, which include Emerging markets, winter fragrances. Threats: Finally, the company can counter its threatening factors by eliminating its weakness, which includes influx of cheap products, and Changing trends and fashion. Fitness Landscape and Analysis The perfume industry is a dynamic industry that is expanding constantly. However, the company is

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, Essay - 1

In report format, prepare a services marketing mix (people, process, physical evidence) for the service offering on which you based assignment one - Essay Example All the outlets run their businesses 24/7 as opposed to what other institutions and players in the industry do. Definitely, providing accommodation service through any other system is questionable. The marketing process applied by the hotel justifies its quest to remain competitive in the industry and business. The process of marketing Holiday Inn starts with a decision defining the position of the hotel would be products, and services that would go on sale (Jerome 21). The visualized types of clients also appear at the initial stages of designing a marketing process. Essential marketing process includes creating awareness as of the hotel and its services and products as igniting the demand for the services and products offered at the hotel. They essentials help in meeting the set goals as well as gaining a competitive advantage in the market against other players. The growth of electronic marketing is one of the most influential, and essential patterns in the field of information and communication technology as well as marketing and business. The trend remains part of these fields over the past ten to twenty years. E marketing continues to revolutionize ways through which businesses carry out their promotional activities. The development of social media platforms provides the possibility to expand the manner in which business organizations and their interaction with consumers in future business environment. This discourse delves in to the analysis of the influence of e marketing on the business environment and the entire business as well. In carrying out the evaluation, the paper follows three comprehensible parts. Defining the concept of electronic marketing is in the first section the discourse giving room for evaluating ways through which e marketing contributes to the efforts by business institutions reaching their target market segment. Finally, the author of the paper

Public Health Nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania Assignment - 66

Public Health Nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania - Assignment Example This, therefore, implies that chronic diseases and lack of access to quality treatment and prevention services are the key health concerns, in this county. For instance, the most recent research on community health, in Pennsylvania State, indicated that more than 60 percent of people who participated in this study cited several unmet needs such as access to dental care, oral health education, mental health education and treatment services, access to health care through support and insurance services, and nutrition education and counseling (Elliott, 2012). Delivery of quality health care services to people of Lancaster County is a significant duty of both the community itself and the available private and public health facilities. This paper, therefore, identifies and describes the problems facing public health nursing in Lancaster County, Pennsylvania, and provides appropriate solutions to these problems. Stanhope and Lancaster in their book, â€Å"Public Health Nursing†, provide some community health concepts such as community as a client, population-centered nursing in rural and urban environments and promoting health through communities and cities, and their significance in promoting quality healthcare delivery (Stanhope & Lancaster, 2012). The problems cited by Lancaster people are some of the significant health service needs, which are primarily community-based needs. Improving health care delivery, in this county, requires more health care attention than what is currently being implemented by the public health in Pennsylvania. Lancaster community health is primarily challenged by two factors, which include management of chronic diseases and access to personal health (Elliott, 2012). There are crucial disparities in health status and access by geography and race/ethnicity with central city’s residents while the rural population faces the greatest challenge. Many rur al dwellers are suffering from significant public health problems such as STDs, lead poisoning, and tuberculosis while not getting the attention or  resources required for understanding, preventing and treating these health problems.  

Country Lovers Essay Example for Free

Country Lovers Essay The farm children play together when they are small; but once the white children go away to school they soon dont play together any more, even in the holidays. Although most of the black children get some sort of schooling, they drop every year farther behind the grades passed by the white children; the childish vocabulary, the childs exploration of the adventurous possibilities of dam, koppies, mealie lands and veld—there comes a time when the white children have surpassed these with the vocabulary of boarding-school and the possibilities of interschool sports matches and the kind of adventures seen at the cinema. This usefully coincides with the age of twelve or thirteen; so that by the time early adolescence is reached, the black children are making, along with the bodily changes common to all, an easy transition to adult forms of address, beginning to call their old playmates missus and baasie—little master. The trouble was Paulus Eysendyck did not seem to realize that Thebedi was now simply one of the crowd of farm children down at the kraal, recognizable in his sisters old clothes. The first Christmas holidays after he had gone to boardingschool he brought home for Thebedi a painted box he had made in his wood-work class. He had to give it to her secretly because he had nothing for the other children at the kraal. And she gave him, before he went back to school, a bracelet she had made of thin brass wire and the grey-and-white beans of the castor-oil crop his father cultivated. (When they used to play together, she was the one who had taught Paulus how to make clay oxen for their toy spans.) There was a craze, even in the platteland towns like the one where he was at school, for boys to wear elephant-hair and other bracelets beside their watch-straps; his was admired, friends asked him to get similar ones for them. He said the natives made them on his fathers farm and he would try. When he was fifteen, six feet tall, and tramping round at school dances with the girls from the sister school in the same town; when he had learnt how to tease and flirt and fondle quite intimately these girls who were the daughters of prosperous farmers like his father; when he had even met one who, at a wedding he had attended with his parents on a nearby farm, had let him do with her in a locked storeroom what people did when they made love—when he was as far from his childhood as all this, he still brought home from a shop in town a red plastic belt and gilt hoop ear-rings for the black girl, Thebedi. She told her father the missus had given these to her as a reward for some work she had done—it was true she sometimes was called to help out in the farmhouse. She told the girls in the kraal that she had a sweetheart nobody knew about, far away, away on another farm, and they giggled, and teased, and admired her. There was a boy in the kraal called Njabulo who said he wished he could have bought her a belt and ear-rings. When the farmers son was home for the holidays she wandered far from the kraal and her companions. He went for walks alone. They had not arranged this; it was an urge each followed independently. He knew it was she, from a long way off. She knew that his dog would not bark at her. Down at the dried-up river-bed where five or six years ago the children had caught a leguaan one great day—a creature that combined ideally the size and ferocious aspect of the crocodile with the n an interview published in Women Writers Talk (1989), edited by Olga Kenyan, Nadine Gordimer had this to say about the political evolution of South Africa: [TJhere are some extraordinary black and white people who are prepared to take a Pascalian wager on the fact that there is a way, that there must be a way. It goes be yond polarisation, it cannot happen while the situation is what it is. It can only be after the power structure has changed. But the fact is that if whites want to go on living in South Africa, they have to change. Its not a matter of just letting blacks in— white life is already dead, over. The big question is, given the kind of conditioning weve had for 300 years, is it possible to strike that down and make a common culture with the blacks? Since 1953, when she published her first novel, The Lying Days, Nadine Gordimer has been aligned with the liberal white consciousness of South Africa. She was born in the Transvaal in 1923. Her father was a shopkeeper, her mother a housewife. A childhood illness kept Gordimer out of school until she was 14, by which time she was already an avid reader. By 15 she had published her first short story. It was not until she was somewhat older that she became aware of the South African political situation, and it was not until she was 30 that her first novel was published. Beginning with A World of Strangers (1958), Gordimers novels focus directly on the South African racial situation. The most famous of these works include A Guest of Honor (1970), The Conservationist (1974), Burgers Daughter (1979), Julys People (1981), A Sport of Nature (1987), My Sons Story (1990), None to Accompany Me (1994), and The House Gun (1998). Gordimer has also published 10 volumes of short stories, as well as several volumes o/non/iction. She was awarded the Nobel Prize for literature in 1991. Asked by Olga Kenyan what it means to be a white South African, Gordimer responded as follows: You have to shout that you support change. In my case that you support a complete revolution, if possible a peaceful one. I use revolution in a broad sense, a complete change of the whole political organisation, from grass roots. Its not enough for a white to say Right, Ill be prepared to live under black majority rule, and sit back, waiting for it to come. Yow.also have to work positively, in whatever way you can, as a human being.

Board Busyness: Target, Deviation, and Firm Performance

Board Busyness: Target, Deviation, and Firm Performance Abstract I investigate how firms demand for board services, agency issues, and labor market frictions are associated with board busyness, and reexamine the relation between board busyness and firm performance. My theoretical model predicts the existence of heterogeneous target levels of board busyness, which increase with firms demand for board advisory services and decrease with demand for monitoring services. However, frictions arising from agency issues and director labor market could prevent firms from reaching these target levels. My empirical results suggest that the variation in board busyness explained by firms demand for board services is positively associated with firm performance while the variation predicted by agency issues and labor market frictions is negatively related to firm performance. I also find that firm performance is positively associated with the busyness of audit committee, and negatively with that of nominating committee. Collectively, my results do not support the call for setting one size fit all limits of multiple directorships for all firms. Introduction The composition and effectiveness of the board of directors have been the focus of corporate governance literature for decades. While prior studies primarily focus on monitoring function and board independence, a growing literature investigates the advisory function and other board composition dimensions, such as board busyness, size, and diversity. Due to the increased time commitment needed for directors of public companies in recent years, the overboard concern has gained more attention increasingly. Activists and proxy advisors call for limits on multiple directorships with the belief that overboarded directors can harm firm performance. Firms have been increasingly adopting restrictive policies of multiple directorships. A growing literature has emerged to investigate multiple directorships as well. However, theoretical predictions and empirical findings are still ambiguous as to the impact of multiple directorships on firm performance. Multiple directorships are endogenously determined in the director labor market, in which directors work as the suppliers of board services while the firms play as the consumers (demanders). The director labor market plays an essential role in corporate governance by providing managerial talents with reputational incentives through board seats. It is established in the literature how the supplier side works. Specifically, the labor market recognizes the ability difference of managerial talents through various firm performance metrics and provides different numbers of board seats accordingly. However, our understanding of the consumer (demander) side is relatively limited. The previous literature assumes that firms have homogenous demand. Therefore, it is not clear how firms different preferences for director services and other characteristics play a role when firms provide director positions to the market. My study aims to fill this gap. My primary research question asks how firms preference for advisory services and monitoring services, agency issues, and labor market frictions are associated with the multiple directorships on the firm level. The answer to this question is fundamental to appreciate the relation between multiple directorships and firm performance. I posit that different firms have different target levels of board busyness, which maximize the value added by their boards. However, agency issues and labor market frictions could lead firms to deviate from the target levels. Therefore, the association between the observed levels of board busyness and firm performance depends on the composition of different components of board busyness. To examine this argument, I provide a model in which a firm considers its particular preference for advising services and monitoring services and trades off the different effects of multiple directors on advising quality and monitoring quality in determining the target level of multiple directorships held by its board members. The model shows that there exist heterogeneous and time-varying target levels of multiple directorships, which are positively related to the firms advisory need and negatively with its monitoring need. To empirically test the model, I decompose the level of firms multiple directorships into demand related component, friction related component, and unexplained residual component by regressing multiple directorships on a list of factors driving firms demand for board advisory services, demand for monitoring services, agency issues and labor market frictions. Then I examine the relation between these components and various performance metrics. I find consistent evidence of a positive association between firm performance and the demand related component, and a negative association with the friction related component. My committee level analysis shows that firm performance is positively associated with the multiple directorships of the audit committee, and negatively with the multiple directorships of the nominating committee. Given that audit committees are heavily scrutinized during my sample period, and nominating committees are in charge of nominating directors, this finding could b e related with agency issues and director labor market frictions, which I will investigate further. Hersey Blanchard: Situational Leadership Theory Hersey Blanchard: Situational Leadership Theory Hersey and Blanchard characterized leadership style in terms of the amount of Task Behavior and Relationship Behavior that the leader provides to their followers. They categorized all leadership styles into four behvior types: Telling / Directing is characterized by one-way communication in which the leader defines the roles of the individual or group and provides the what, how, when, and where to do the task Selling / Coaching while the leader is still providing the direction, he or she is now using two-way communication and providing the socioemotional support that will allow the individual or group being influenced to buy into the process. Participating / Supporting this is now shared decision making about aspects of how the task is accomplished and the leader is providing less task behaviors while maintaining high relationship behavior. Delegating / Observing the leaders is still involved in decisions; however, the process and responsibility has been passed to the individual or group. The leader stays involved to monitor progress. Golemans Six Emotional Leadership Styles Daniel Goleman, Richard Boyatzis and Annie McKee, in Primal Leadership, describe six styles of leading that have different effects on the emotions of the target followers. These are styles, not types. Any leader can use any style, and a good mix that is customised to the situation is generally the most effective approach. The Visionary Leader The Visionary Leader moves people towards a shared vision, telling them where to go but not how to get there thus motivating them to struggle forwards. They openly share information, hence giving knowledge power to others. They can fail when trying to motivate more experienced experts or peers. This style is best when a new direction is needed. Overall, it has a very strong impact on the climate. The Coaching Leader The Coaching Leader connects wants to organizational goals, holding long conversations that reach beyond the workplace, helping people find strengths and weaknesses and tying these to career aspirations and actions. They are good at delegating challenging assignments, demonstrating faith that demands justification and which leads to high levels of loyalty. It is best used when individuals need to build long-term capabilities. It has a highly positive impact on the climate. The Affiliative Leader The Affiliative Leader creates people connections and thus harmony within the organization. It is a very collaborative style which focuses on emotional needs over work needs. When done badly, it avoids emotionally distressing situations such as negative feedback. Done well, it is often used alongside visionary leadership. It is best used for healing rifts and getting through stressful situations. It has a positive impact on climate. The Democratic Leader The Democratic Leader acts to value inputs and commitment via participation, listening to both the bad and the good news. When done badly, it looks like lots of listening but very little effective action. It is best used to gain buy-in or when simple inputs are needed (when uncertain). It has a positive impact on climate. The Pace-setting Leader The Pace-setting Leader builds challenge and exciting goals for people, expecting excellence and often exemplifying it themselves. They identify poor performers and demand more of them. If necessary, they will roll up their sleeves and rescue the situation themselves. They tend to be low on guidance, expecting people to know what to do. They get short term results but over the long term this style can lead to exhaustion and decline. Done badly, it lacks Emotional Intelligence, especially self-management. A classic problem happens when the star techie gets promoted. It is best used for results from a motivated and competent team. It often has a very negative effect on climate (because it is often poorly done). The Commanding Leader The Commanding Leader soothes fears and gives clear directions by his or her powerful stance, commanding and expecting full compliance (agreement is not needed). They need emotional self-control for success and can seem cold and distant. This approach is best in times of crisis when organization needs unquestioned rapid action and with problem employees who do not respond to other methods. The present autocratic or telling leadership style happens to be the most ineffective one unless a militay base is in action. Follower of this style generally practices low competence, low commitment / unable and unwilling or insecure. Leaders are high task focused and low relationship focused. When the follower cannot do the job and is unwilling or afraid to try, then the leader takes a highly directive role, telling them what to do but without a great deal of concern for the relationship. The leader may also provide a working structure, both for the job and in terms of how the person is controlled. If the leader focused more on the relationship, the follower may become confused about what must be done and what is optional. The leader thus maintains a clear do this position to ensure all required actions are clear. Of these, no single style is considered optimal for all leaders to use all the time. Effective leaders need to be flexible, and must adapt themselves according to the situation. They should prepare a mix strategy to meet the demand of the situation. A clear blend of the above mentioned leadership styles or setting up an opportunity based style may be fruitful in managing a critical situation that Supfit is facing. Task 2: Agreeing appropriate objectives and making effective use of appraisals can improve business performance and help to assess just how well employees are working. Establishing clear, defined objectives helps employees to focus on specific tasks and company goals. A structured appraisal system can help employees feel that their good work is recognised and that they are valued. It can also provide the opportunity to discuss any weaknesses or problems they may have, and to come up with solutions. 1. Benefits of having an appraisals system The purpose of any performance appraisal program is employee development. The value of performance appraisal is in the process of communication between supervisor and employee. Benefits can be defined in broader aspect as under: To increase professional development, skills level, and performance of each employees against defined objectives. Skills and knowledge attained for both personal development and career advancement is the main stream here. It has been described as intensive and collaborative, ideally incorporating an evaluative stage. To strengthen working relationship between supervisor and employee by addressing all problems through a systematic and defined way. Expert Supervisors unique consultation feature gives employees expert advice on how to solve different types of employee behaviour and performance problems. To clarify job duties and responsibilities. The list of activities one is required to perform for any occupation are the job duties and this can be defined and monitored without error is performance appraisal. To establish mutually understood standards for measuring performance and discussing apparent weaknesses. This helps an organization to achieve optimum goal towards the success. To give constructive feedback and to praise staff for their good work that in turn will make them feel valued. A common demand of almost all the employees are to get fair feedback as per their performance and these can be only measured transparently if an effective appraisal system exists. To aid in promotion, retention and salary decisions and define further objectives for the employees. Most of the times employees beer a creeping inside that they are well paid and increments are given unfairly which remains the most de-motivating factors. The best way of mitigating such crisis is to have an appraisal system. 2. Elements those are apprised (Factors of an appraisal System): There are few important factors that are closely monitored and rated during an appraisal process and based on those the performance is measured: Inherited Leadership quality in a staff: This refers to the capabilities of an employee to motivate, counsel and direct an under command or subordinate. The biggest factors that an appraisal system looks for is the existence of the leadership quality in an employee. It is very important for the HR team to find out the potential leaders among the general staffs. Planning Decision making capabilities of an employee: Based on the preparation of administrative unit programs, activities and services by reaching firm, clearly defined decisions can be the most expected factors to be appraised. Capability of Managing Staff: The way how an employee manages employee selection, retention, development and appraisal of the others is also looked for during an appraisal system. The most effective way to achieve organization performance is to manage employees as the efficient workforce. Higher management always try to appraise the same quality within a staff who might the potential manager in future. Fiscal Management: The factor refers to the utilization of resources, safeguarding assets, effective internal controls, software/data security and so on. This is completely based on high technology and that is the integral part of modern HR appraisal process as a factor. Human Relations communications of staff: Interpersonal relations with internal and external constituents both verbal and written are known as another biggest factor. Appraisal system assesses how effectively a staff can maintain and retain human relations and how good he or she is in verbal and written communications. Professional expertise (job knowledge): Job knowledge of an employee is the factors of appraisal process where one is assessed based on the performance of the job description. Most of the time this factors carries the most vital role for future placement. Task 3 HONEY MUMFORDS LEARNING STYLE Honey and Mumford (1982) have built a typology of Learning Styles around this sequence, identifying individual preferences for each stage (Activist, Reflector, Theorist, and Pragmatist respectively). Kolb also has a test instrument (the Learning Style Inventory) but has carried it further by relating the process also to forms of knowledge. Fugure-1: Honey Mumfords Learning Style Knowing the learning style can accelerate our learning as we undertake activities that best fit the preferred style. Knowing the learning style can also help avoid repeating mistakes by undertaking activities that strengthen other styles For example, if we tend to jump in at the deep end, consider spending time reflecting on experiences before taking action. Activitists (Do) Immerse themselves fully in new experiences Enjoy here and now Open minded, enthusiastic, flexible Act first, consider consequences later Seek to centre activity around themselves Reflectors (Review) Stand back and observe Cautious, take a back seat Collect and analyze data about experience and events, slow to reach conclusions Use information from past, present and immediate observations to maintain a big picture perspective. Theorists (Conclude) Think through problems in a logical manner, value rationality and objectivity Assimilate disparate facts into coherent theories Disciplined, aiming to fit things into rational order Keen on basic assumptions, principles, theories, models and systems thinking Pragmatists (Plan) Keen to put ideas, theories and techniques into practice Search new ideas and experiment Act quickly and confidently on ideas, gets straight to the point Are impatient with endless discussion Forms of Knowledge and the Learning Cycle The four quadrants of the cycle are associated with four different forms of knowledge, in Kolbs view. Each of these forms is paired with its diagonal opposite. Figure-2: Learning Cycle KOLB LEARNING STYLES David Kolbs learning styles model and experiential learning theory (ELT) Having developed the model over many years prior, David Kolb published his learning styles model in 1984. The model gave rise to related terms such as Kolbs experiential learning theory (ELT), and Kolbs learning styles inventory (LSI). In his publications notably his 1984 book Experiential Learning: Experience as the Source of Learning and Development Kolb acknowledges the early work on experiential learning by others in the 1900s, including Rogers, Jung, and Piaget. In turn, Kolbs learning styles model and experiential learning theory are today acknowledged by academics, teachers, managers and trainers as truly seminal works; fundamental concepts towards our understanding and explaining human learning behaviour, and towards helping others to learn. Kolbs experiential learning theory (learning styles) model Kolbs learning theory sets out four distinct learning styles (or preferences), which are based on a four-stage learning cycle (which might also be interpreted as a training cycle). In this respect Kolbs model is particularly elegant, since it offers both a way to understand individual peoples different learning styles, and also an explanation of a cycle of experiential learning that applies to us all. Kolb includes this cycle of learning as a central principle his experiential learning theory, typically expressed as four-stage cycle of learning, in which immediate or concrete experiences provide a basis for observations and reflections. Kolbs model therefore works on two levels a four-stage cycle: Concrete Experience (CE) Reflective Observation (RO) Abstract Conceptualization (AC) Active Experimentation (AE) and a four-type definition of learning styles, (each representing the combination of two preferred styles, rather like a two-by-two matrix of the four-stage cycle styles, as illustrated below), for which Kolb used the terms: Diverging (CE/RO) Assimilating (AC/RO) Converging (AC/AE) Accommodating (CE/AE) Honey and Mumfords Variation on the Kolb System Various resources (including this one in the past) refer to the terms activist, reflector, theorist, and pragmatist (respectively representing the four key stages or learning steps) in seeking to explain Kolbs model. In fact, activist, reflector, theorist, and pragmatist are from a learning styles model developed by Honey and Mumford, which although based on Kolbs work, is different. Arguably therefore the terms activist, reflector, theorist, and pragmatist effectively belong to the Honey and Mumford theory. In summary here are brief descriptions of the four HM key stages/styles, which incidentally are directly mutually corresponding and overlaid, as distinct from the Kolb model in which the learning styles are a product of combinations of the learning cycle stages. The typical presentation of these HM styles and stages would be respectively at north, east, south and west on a circle or four-stage cyclical flow diagram. Having an Experience (stage 1), and Activists (style 1): here and now, gregarious, seek challenge and immediate experience, open-minded, bored with implementation. Reviewing the Experience (stage 2) and Reflectors (style 2): stand back, gather data, ponder and analyse, delay reaching conclusions, listen before speaking, thoughtful. Concluding from the Experience (stage 3) and Theorists (style 3): think things through in logical steps, assimilate disparate facts into coherent theories, rationally objective, reject subjectivity and flippancy. Planning the next steps (stage 4) and Pragmatists (style 4): seek and try out new ideas, practical, down-to-earth, enjoy problem solving and decision-making quickly, bored with long discussions. There is arguably a strong similarity between the Honey and Mumford styles/stages and the corresponding Kolb learning styles: Activist = Accommodating Reflector = Diverging Theorist = Assimilating Pragmatist = Converging Recommended Style: As per the scenario the existing European workforce has been a bit more problematic to management, demanding more holiday time and consultation than their American counterparts. The founder and CEO has recently decided to implement a more Americanised approach, which has meant less employee and union consultation, and more top down decision-making. As Supfit does invest heavily in company training, and has instigated more of an experiential and participative approach to learning and training, including the use of mentors, we can very well use the combination of Honey and Mumfords learning cycle and Kolbs Learning Style. Initially it may happen that the existing workforce may not be liking the style but as human nature is to get freedom, gradually the work force will be acquainted with the process. Task 4: The flexible firm combines functional, numerical and financial flexibility by operating with workforce consisting of both core and peripheral workers with a number of other workers on a variety of non-standard employment contracts. Some non-core functions are also outsourced or contracted out. Good answers offered examples to illustrate this range of flexible options for organisations. The implications of the flexible firm were less convincingly addressed in answers. Issues that could have been discussed were that organisations can minimise employment costs and become more responsive to change in markets and technology by reorganising their employment systems in this way. In terms of HR, the issues of administering a variety of contracts of employment should have been raised in terms of the organisations commitment to different types of employees (opportunities for training and development, reward etc) Also, the motivation of peripheral employees may differ from that of core employees. As per the Atkinson and Meager the firms sought four kinds of flexibility: Functional Numerical Pay Distancing Functional flexibility or multi-skilling was sought amongst core employees within the firm. Other categories of employment were subject to strategies of peripheralization. This involved various forms of numerical flexibility that included increasing the numbers of part-timers, short-term contractors, trainees and job sharers in order to maximize the fit between a firms perceived labour force needs and its employment practices. They suggested that pay flexibility was also sought, partly to purchase the functional flexibility outlined above and partly as a key to a global transformation of the effort-bargain within such firms. Atkinson and Meagers Model of the Flexible Firm Conjunctional Cases Outcomes Unemployment Weak Trade Unions Numerical Flexibility (part-timers, Short-term contractors, casuals, Greater Competitive Pressure new patterns of hours) Functional Flexibility (variability Greater Volatility Uncertainty of tasks) Distancing (sub-contracting) Technological Change Pay Flexibility Figure-3: Atkinson Meagers Model of the Flexible Firm Basis and Aspects of the Atkinsons Model: Let us discuss the various parameters where the model works on various aspects of flexible firm. 1. Flexible Hours: a. Flexitime: Flexitime allows an employee to select the hours he or she will work. There are usually specified limits set by the employer. Employees on a flexible schedule may work a condensed work week or may work a regular work week. Those working a condensed week may work four ten hour days, rather than five eight hour days. Those who work a five day week may work hours other than the typical nine to five. b. Crà ¨che: The Crà ¨che (from French) in zoology refers to care of anothers offspring, for instance in a colony. This term is used in the study of bird colonies. Many penguins form crà ¨ches, in addition to many other birds such as the Canada Goose, Common Eider and Common Shelduck. Here, the meaning is slightly different as the it means to arrange the stay of the workers/staffs in an area i.e. colony, arranged by the employer. c. Special Shifts: Special shift for married women had been a longstanding feature of employment relations in the human management. These are mostly twilight or evening shifts and especially designed for the benefit of the group of staffs. d. Child Care Arrangements e. Transport to Work 2. Payment Systems: This is actually based on the merit pay and change to the mundane payment system based on various elements to justify the capabilities of the workers i.e. performance and quality based payment system. 3. Part time Workers: 4. Use of other kinds of Peripheral labour a. Agency Workers: Workers engaged through, or by, an employment agency or bureau and supplied to a hiring employer on a temporary basis. Some agencies employ their workers directly and should therefore provide their staff with a contract of employment. Other agencies contract workers to provide a service to the hiring employer. In this case staffs are probably self-employed, though possibly not for tax purposes, and will have a contract for service. b. Short-Term Contractees: In other language they are called Floater who work for a certain short period especially when the work load increase during a certain period of the year. c. Casual Workers: A casual worker was defined in the survey as a temporary worker who only works when their employer asks them to, on an as-needed basis, whose work is typically done in short episodes. A casual worker may be asked to work a shift, for a few days or, less often, for several weeks at a time. Casual workers do not have any guarantee of regular ongoing work. d. Home workers/Out workers Applications of Atkinsons Model in Case of Supfit: The best implications of Atkinsons Model can in case the present organization (Supfit) in the sector of appointing non-permanent staffs. As we are in the context of European Workforce it would the best to have a good ratio of peripheral workers i.e. part time employees, agency workers, short term workers and casual workers with flexible shift, flexible payment term and crà ¨che facilities. This will create a feeling of cohesiveness among the permanent staffs and to fulfil their requirement of leave, personal interest and other facilities. It is very natural that staff would have some personal problems even during the high business hour and management should not forget that a complete life consists of personal and professional activities. Once the permanent staff is unable to attend in a specific time and job requirement the peripheral labours can be placed and get the maximum outcomes. Moreover, it is an expensive issue to have a goof numbers of permanent staffs as it involves overtime facilities, high salary and wages, uniforms, earn leave and other leave coverage, group or health insurance, good amount of bonuses and so on. To avoid we may have limited numbers of supervisory permanent staffs and a good number of peripheral workers who will be kept under the supervision of permanent staffs to get the maximum profit margin for the owner group. Based on the above a planning to be prepared to arrange such a flexible environment where the employees are highly satisfied. While doing so we should not forget to compromise with the organizational performance and profit maximization. It is the basic goal for human resource to create a highly satisfied staffs that leads to the organizational performance. Task 5: According to the Human Resource Development we can use various approaches for on the job learning for the overall development of the staffs as well as the organization. Job Rotations Special Assignments Coaching Mentoring Individual Development Plan Manager as Teacher Learning Groups (Teams) Among all the approaches I have the privilege to discuss on four approaches which are as under: Job Rotation: Job rotation is an approach to management development where an individual is moved through a schedule of assignments designed to give him or her a breadth of exposure to the entire operation. Job rotation is also practiced to allow qualified employees to gain more insights into the processes of a company, and to reduce boredom and increase job satisfaction through job variation. The term job rotation can also mean the scheduled exchange of persons in offices, especially in public offices, prior to the end of incumbency or the legislative period. This has been practiced by the German green party for some time but has been discontinued. At the senior management levels, job rotation frequently referred to as management rotation, is tightly linked with succession planning developing a pool of people capable of stepping into an existing job. Here the goal is to provide learning experiences which facilitate changes in thinking and perspective equivalent to the horizon of the level of the succession planning. For lower management levels job rotation has normally one of two purposes: promotability or skill enhancement. In many cases senior managers seem unwilling to risk instability in their units by moving qualified people from jobs where the lower level manager is being successful and reflecting positively on the actions of the senior manager. Many military jobs use the job rotation strategy to allow the soldiers to develop a wider range of experiences, and an exposure to the different jobs of an occupation. Coaching Coaching is a method of directing, instructing and training a person or group of people, with the aim to achieve some goal or develop specific skills. There are many ways to coach, types of coaching and methods to coaching. Sessions are typically one-on-one either in-person or over the telephone. Direction may include motivational speaking. Training may include seminars, workshops, and supervised practice. At the present days coaching refers to a method of personal development or human resource development (HRD). The field of coaching is becoming a distinct area of practice for individuals and in organizations. Today, coaching is a recognized discipline used by many professionals engaged in human development. However, as a distinct profession, it is relatively new and self-regulating. No independent supervisory board evaluates these programs and they are all privately owned. These bodies all accredit various coaching schools as well as individual coaches, except the IAC and ECI which only certify individuals. According to coach credentialing expert, Dr. Rey Carr, in North America the term accreditation only applies to organizations, and certification applies to individuals; whereas in European countries accreditation can mean either organizations or individuals. Mentoring Mentoring is to support and encourage people to manage their own learning in order that they may maximise their potential, develop their skills, improve their performance and become the person they want to be. Eric Parsloe, The Oxford School of Coaching Mentoring Mentoring is a powerful personal development and empowerment tool. It is an effective way of helping people to progress in their careers and is becoming increasing popular as its potential is realised. It is a partnership between two people (mentor and mentee) normally working in a similar field or sharing similar experiences. It is a helpful relationship based upon mutual trust and respect. A mentor is a guide who can help the mentee to find the right direction and who can help them to develop solutions to career issues. Mentors rely upon having had similar experiences to gain an empathy with the mentee and an understanding of their issues. Mentoring provides the mentee with an opportunity to think about career options and progress. A mentor should help the mentee to believe in herself and boost her confidence. A mentor should ask questions and challenge, while providing guidance and encouragement. Mentoring allows the mentee to explore new ideas in confidence. It is a chance to look more closely at oneself, ones issues, opportunities and what someone want in life. Mentoring is about becoming more self aware, taking responsibility for our life and directing the life in the direction we decide, rather than leaving it to chance. Self Development Self-Development is taking personal responsibility for ones own learning and development through a process of assessment, reflection, and taking action. This is a method of learning style helps to: To continually update skills and to remain marketable in the workplace To determine future career direction Strategies that we may use these skills highly depend of the individuals capability and willingness to take challenges. To do those effectively followings can be adhered: Assessing current skills and interest through paper-and-pencil career tests or through computer programs that analyze skills and interests. Maintain a learning log or diary to help us analyze what we are learning from work experiences. Write a personal vision and mission statement. Develop a personal development plan that identifies learning needs and goals. Find a mentor who can provide with best support, advice, and assistance in career direction. Become involved in professional organizations. Read professional journals and trade magazines to keep current on the latest developments in relevant field. Approach to be adhered by Supfit: It is always expected that employees to adhered the practices of continuous self developments within them which ultimately leads toward the optimal goal. Nevertheless, human nature is to relax (in most of the cases) unless a competitive environment is in place. Therefore, it is the responsibility of the higher management of Supfit to create a blend of the approached judiciously prepared and practiced on trail basis before implementing on the employees. In the given scenario it has been observed that the employee complaints, absenteeism, turnover and complaint to union which is not very good in the long run. A discussion session to be arranged with the union leaders in presence of the all the employees to make them understand by a participative manner that how it will help the individuals in the long run. Mentionable here that in most of the cases the staffs do not like to attend training session in holidays or by hampering their day to activities. This ba