In The Limelight essays

In The Limelight essays I have always been fascinated by music. It amazes me how the average person can pick up a guitar or sit behind a set of drums and imagine playing in a band. For me it is the thrill of being on stage and the excitement of having people waiting for the first pluck of the string. There were five of us altogether and none of us were over 21. Craig was on vocals, Chris on drums, Matt and Steve on guitars and me on bass. We had been playing together less than a week when we had our first opportunity to play live. Steve called me on a Tuesday and asked me if I was ready to play out soon. Sure I said to him wondering what he was getting at. Well, we have a gig this Friday night and have to learn 10 songs. I still hadnt met the singer yet and we were only going to have one practice before the show. My first experience playing live in a band was at a bar named Legends in the summer of 1991. It was 9:00pm on a Friday. Legends was an average sized bar with neon blue and purple beer signs along the walls. Tables and chairs were somewhat scattered in front of the stage and a pool hall of to your left. As we made our way towards the stage you couldnt help notice the smell of beer and smoke from the customers. The closer I got towards the stage the more my palms were sweating and my heart was pounding. I glanced towards the audience and saw over 100 people staring right back at me wondering if this band was any good and who were they? I walked to my bass and slid it around my head and turned up my volume while Matt and Steve picked up their guitars and checked their tuning. You could hear the distortion from their guitars while Chris climbed in behind his drums and hit a few times on the snare. Craig grabbed the microphone and did a sound check Check 1 Check 1 he said into the mic. Chris then started his drum beat for the first song and there was no turning back now. The band played on. ...

Introduction to the Coase Theorem

Introduction to the Coase Theorem The Coase Theorem, developed by economist Ronald Coase, states that when conflicting property rights occur, bargaining between the parties involved will lead to an efficient outcome regardless of which party is ultimately awarded the property rights, as long as the transaction costs associated with bargaining are negligible. Specifically, the Coase Theorem states that if trade in an externality is possible and there are no transaction costs, bargaining will lead to an efficient outcome regardless of the initial allocation of property rights.† What Is the Coase Theorem? The Coase Theorem is most easily explained via an example. Its clear that noise pollution fits the typical definition of an externality, or a consequence of an economic activity on an unrelated third party, because noise pollution from, say, a factory, a loud garage band, or a wind turbine potentially imposes a cost on people who are neither consumers nor producers of these items. (Technically, this externality comes about because its not well defined who owns the noise spectrum.) In the case of the wind turbine, for example, its efficient to let the turbine make noise if the value of operating the turbine is greater than the noise cost imposed on those who live near it. On the other hand, its efficient to shut the turbine down if the value of operating the turbine is less than the noise cost imposed on nearby residents. Since the potential rights and desires of the turbine company and the households are clearly in conflict, its possible that the two parties will end up in court to figure out whose rights take precedence. In this instance, the court could decide that the turbine company has the right to operate at the expense of the nearby households or that the households have the right to quiet at the expense of the turbine companys operations. Coases main thesis is that the decision reached regarding the assignment of property rights has no bearing on whether the turbines continue to operate in the area as long as the parties can bargain without cost. How Does It Work in Practice? Why is this? Lets say that its efficient to have the turbines operating in the area, i.e., that the value to the company of operating the turbines is greater than the cost imposed on the households. Put another way, this means that the turbine company would be willing to pay the households more to stay in business than the households would be willing to pay the turbine company to shut down. If the court decides that the households have a right to quiet, the turbine company will probably compensate the households in exchange for letting the turbines operate. Because the turbines are worth more to the company than quiet is worth to the households, some offer will be acceptable to both parties, and the turbines will keep running. On the other hand, if the court decides that the company has the right to operate the turbines, the turbines will stay in business and no money will change hands. This is because the households arent willing to pay enough to convince the turbine company to cease operation. In summary, the assignment of rights in this example didnt affect the outcome once the opportunity to bargain was introduced, but the property rights did affect the transfers of money between the two parties. This scenario is realistic: In 2010, for example, Caithness Energy offered households near its turbines in Eastern Oregon $5,000 each not to complain about the noise that the turbines generated. Its most likely that in this scenario, the value of operating the turbines was greater to the company than the value of quiet was to the households, and it was probably easier for the company to proactively offer compensation to the households than it would have been to get the courts involved. Why Would the Coase Theorem Not Work? In practice, there are a number of reasons why the Coase Theorem may not hold (or apply, depending on context).  In some cases, the endowment effect could cause the valuations elicited in negotiation to depend on the initial allocation of property rights.  In other cases, negotiation may not be feasible either due to the number of parties involved or social conventions.