Early Neolithic Social Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early Neolithic Social Organization - Essay Example The first one is Pre Pottery Neolithic which is all about the "true farming" that occurred where people were used to planting and harvesting wheat. Along with farming is the domestication of animals, also to answer their day-to-day needs. This stage was followed by the pre-pottery period where people tried to build their houses made of mud bricks. No long before they learned pottery which further improved their lives and this was the peak of the Neolithic period. The Neolithic period that slowly evolved along with knowledge and experience, somehow showed the presence of social organizations. The presence of hierarchies can somehow be traced through the burial grounds and an example of this is the one found in the excavation in Central Europe where some tombs were found to be different from others in a way that they looked more sophisticated and hard to make, suggesting that others could have afforded labor to create such tombs. Through the Neolithic sites that were explored, what were visible were signs of possibilities for group feuds where others could have been treated more superior like the leaders and the chiefs in tribes. These were more visible in the European Bronze age. (Wikipedia) Moving forward to the possibility of reconstructing the early Neolithic social o... As discussed partly a while ago, there were already the different kinds of tombs found during the excavation. These tombs will then connect us to their culture and social structure, ways and means that they tried to adopt in the past. But firs we try to define what megalithic tombs are and how significant are they to historians, researchers and archaeologists. Maximilian Baldia explores in his essay "Megalithic Tombs and Interregional Communication" how long and how significant these tombs are to us. He said that the closely five thousand megalithic tombs signify how people were connected in different aspects. He also explained that the presence of timber mortuary during the Neolithic period can and might have been the start of the small primeval dolmens in the Early Neolithic. "Furthermore, the popularity of the primeval dolmen may have arisen as a practical solution resulting from the need for suitable large trees required for building houses, palisades, boats and apparently even single-piece wagonwheels. Increased village size, more numerous fields, and larger herds of domesticated grazing animals during the later part of the EN C would have reduced the forests containing these timbers near the villages, making stone construction more cost effective. A decline in tree trunk diameter used in construction from the ENto the MiddleNeolithic (MN), has been noted in conjunction with likely woodland management and supports this argument. Therefore, stone chambers should first have occurred in areas where a large population would have been confined to limited land. The most likely place in the TRB culture area would have been the islands

Individual Project Criminal Evidence Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Individual Project Criminal Evidence - Essay Example It is a basic rule of evidence that when the terms of an agreement have reduced to writing, it is considered as containing all the terms agreed upon, and there can be, as between the parties, no evidence of such term other than the contents of the written agreement per se. A classic example of a documentary evidence is a contract. Parol or oral evidence refers to the testimony of a witness made before the judicial court. An example of this type of evidence is the testimony of the victim in a rape case. One of the popular cases in Canada where DNA testing was allegedly used was the case of Dr. John Schneeberger. The latter is a doctor who raped one of his sedated patients in 1992 and intentionally left semen on the victim's underwear. The police immediately got blood samples from Schneeberger's blood and compared the same the DNA to the DNA from the semen found at the crime scene on three different occasions. However, the matching proved to be negative. It was found out later on thru other evidence that Dr. John Schneeberger inserted a Penrose drain into his own arm thru surgery and then filled the same with a foreign blood and anticoagulants. Anticoagulants is a type of drug that prevents the clotting of the blood while a Penrose drain, according to Wikipedia, is a surgical device placed in a wound to drain and prevent the build up of fluid. This in turn resulted to the degradation of the value of DNA evidence in criminal cases since DNA samples may be faked and planted, just like in Schneeberger case. In this case, the DNA sample, although previously admitted by the court, failed to prove the suspicions earlier made by the police authorities. DNA evidence is a real or object evidence since it is a material evidence that is addressed directly to the senses of the court. Although logically, judges and justices may not appreciate its value without the corresponding interpretation and testimony of scientists expert in the field, it can stand alone in court as evidence and therefore maintains its classification as a real or object evidence. In most states in the United States, DNA evidence are admissible in court even without the corresponding expert testimony. However in some jurisdictions, the expert testimony plays a big role in determining the admissibility of DNA as evidence. Personally, I do not agree with the use of DNA as evidence in proving the guilt or innocence of an accused. There are relevant scientific studies where it was concluded that DNA testing is not 100% perfect although the ratio of its reliability reaches one is to 5 million. Criminal prosecution is totally different from civil ones. It is the life and liberty of the accused which is at stake. It has been said that it is better to leave a criminal free rather than punish an innocent man. In this case, no matter how small the percentage of the probable mistake may be committed in the DNA testing and studies, the same cannot justify prosecution and persecution of innocent people. It is totally different however in using DNA testing as a means of proving paternity, for example, as the same is civil in nature. Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA), although widely accepted in courts, are still subject to human mistakes such as the lack of control

Les Miserables Essay -- essays research papers

In his novel, Les Miserables, author Victor Hugo makes a strong statement about society being the cause for evil in man. Les Miserables is based on a poor man, Jean Valjean, who was arrested for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister’s starving baby. Valjean is sentenced to 20 years for his crime, and, when he is released, he is shunned for his past, which he has more than paid for. Society turns him out at every turn for his past crime, and will hear no excuses for his deed. With this scenario, Hugo shows the cruelty of a â€Å"civilized† world that would cause a man to suffer unending prejudice for stealing a single loaf of bread to feed a small child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the ill treatment continues, Valjean becomes more and more bitter toward society. He probably would have been pushed too far, and would have lashed out against his aggressors, if he had not been shown kindness by the church. Valjean was taken in by a kindly Bishop, who fed him and offered him a place to stay. Valjean, however, had already fallen partially from the light of reason and when all the others were asleep he stole the silver dinner ware and fled into the night. This act again can be blamed on society for Valjean, realizing that because of his criminal record he would probably never again be able to obtain a job and support himself, saw stealing the silverware as his only choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Had he not been caught and returned to the Bishop, Valjean probably woul... Les Miserables Essay -- essays research papers In his novel, Les Miserables, author Victor Hugo makes a strong statement about society being the cause for evil in man. Les Miserables is based on a poor man, Jean Valjean, who was arrested for stealing a loaf of bread to feed his sister’s starving baby. Valjean is sentenced to 20 years for his crime, and, when he is released, he is shunned for his past, which he has more than paid for. Society turns him out at every turn for his past crime, and will hear no excuses for his deed. With this scenario, Hugo shows the cruelty of a â€Å"civilized† world that would cause a man to suffer unending prejudice for stealing a single loaf of bread to feed a small child.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  As the ill treatment continues, Valjean becomes more and more bitter toward society. He probably would have been pushed too far, and would have lashed out against his aggressors, if he had not been shown kindness by the church. Valjean was taken in by a kindly Bishop, who fed him and offered him a place to stay. Valjean, however, had already fallen partially from the light of reason and when all the others were asleep he stole the silver dinner ware and fled into the night. This act again can be blamed on society for Valjean, realizing that because of his criminal record he would probably never again be able to obtain a job and support himself, saw stealing the silverware as his only choice.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Had he not been caught and returned to the Bishop, Valjean probably woul...

Supply and Demand of Pepsico

Week 03 Course Paper – Supply and Demand If the price for PepsiCo brands increase so does the supply. This is because as the price increases, PepsiCo has an incentive to supply more to meet the demand. This creates a positive supply curve. If PepsiCo competitors can produce their products for less and sell them for less money, than consumers will start to purchase competitor products as substitutions (Case, Fair, & Oster, 2009). The demand for PepsiCo brands is the price in which consumers are willing to buy at a given price. If the price of Pepsi products stay low and all other things are unchanged then the demand will remain the same or rise. If the price of Pepsi products goes up then demand will go down. PepsiCo is a consumer product company that operates in highly competitive markets and to continue demand for their products they must continue to improve products to offer what the consumer wants. PepsiCo must monitor the market and respond to changes in consumer wants quickly or their competitors will respond first taking away some of the demand for PepsiCo’s products. PepsiCo has several brands that it produces including Pepsi-Cola, Frito-Lay, Tropicana, Quaker, and Gatorade. These brands offer quick snacks and convenience, which has historically been a preference for consumers. PepsiCo is innovating ways to keep foods and snacks convenient while making them healthier. This is in response to consumers wanting healthier options. All of these actions coupled with marketing strategies keep the consumer demand rising for PepsiCo brands (PepsiCo, 2011). There are several substitute products for PepsiCo brands. Such substitutions as Coke for Pepsi, Tropicana Orange juice for Sunkist orange juice, or Gatorade for PowerAde are made when their price is lower than PepsiCo brands. Complementary goods for PepsiCo brands would be Quaker oatmeal and Toast, Mug Root beer and vanilla ice cream, and Aunt Jemima pancakes and Butter. These products are consumed together; however, the same company does not necessarily produce them (PepsiCo, 2011). ? References Case, K. , Fair, R. , & Oster, S. (2009). Principles of Microeconomics (9th ed. ). Upper Saddle River, New Jersey: Pearson Education, Inc. (Original work published 2002) PepsiCo. (2011). Retrieved January 16, 2012, from http://www. pepsico. com/Index. html

Why Some Cells Commit Suicide

Apoptosis, or programmed cell death, is a naturally occurring process in the body. It involves a controlled sequence of steps in which cells signal self-termination, in other words, your cells commit suicide.   Apoptosis is a way for the  body to keep checks and balances on the natural  cell division  process of mitosis  or continued cell growth and regeneration. Why Cells Undergo Apoptosis There are several instances in which cells may need to self-destruct. In some situations, cells may need to be removed to ensure proper development. For example, as our brains develop, the body creates millions of more cells than it needs; the ones that do not form synaptic connections can undergo apoptosis so that the remaining cells can function well. Another example is the natural process of menstruation that involves the breakdown and removal of tissue from the uterus. Programmed cell death is necessary to start the process of menstruation. Cells may also become damaged or undergo some type of infection. One way to remove these cells without causing harm to other cells is for your body to initiate apoptosis.  Cells may recognize viruses  and gene mutations and can induce death to prevent the damage from spreading. What Happens During Apoptosis? Apoptosis is a complex process. During apoptosis, a cell triggers a process from within that will allow it to commit suicide. If a cell experiences some type of significant stress, such as DNA damage, then signals are released which cause mitochondria to release apoptosis-inducing proteins. As a result, the cell undergoes a reduction in size as its cellular components and organelles break down and condense. Bubble-shaped balls called blebs appear on the surface of the cell membrane. Once the cell shrinks, it breaks down into smaller fragments called apoptotic bodies and sends out distress signals to the body. These fragments are enclosed in membranes so as not to harm nearby cells. The distress signal is answered by vacuum cleaners known as macrophages. The macrophages clean away the shrunken cells, leaving no trace, so these cells have no chance to cause cellular damage or an inflammatory reaction. Apoptosis can also be triggered externally by chemical substances that bind to specific receptors on the cell surface. This is how white blood cells combat infection and activate apoptosis in infected cells. Apoptosis and Cancer Some types of cancers persist as a result of a cells inability to trigger apoptosis. Tumor viruses change cells by integrating their genetic material with the host cells DNA. Cancer cells are usually a permanent insertion in the genetic material. These viruses  can sometimes initiate the production of proteins that stop apoptosis from occurring. An example of this is seen with papilloma viruses, which have been linked with cervical cancer. Cancer cells that do not develop from viral infection can also produce substances that inhibit apoptosis and promote uncontrolled growth. Radiation and chemical therapies are used as a mode of therapy to induce apoptosis in some types of cancers.

The And Dissemination Of Cultural Values, Ideologies, And...

The analysis on the construction and dissemination of cultural values, ideologies, and hierarchies is as varied as the historian. Again semantics and semiotics, important issues to understand the full web of the â€Å"word-concept† culture, dominate much of the theory and practice. The most common debates are over naming eras and redefining terms like popular, culture, popular culture, etc. Despite the debate, the historiography maintains four important foci for the construction of cultural values: industrialization and the Progressive Era, the influence of industrialized media, the concept of shifting contexts, and a reference an attempt to identify the â€Å"word-concept† of â€Å"the people†. Like the construction, the dissemination of cultural values has a historiography filled with competing ideologies on semantics and time frames, but there is one important disseminator of cultural values that nearly every historian, theorist, and critic agrees is primarily essential: the media. Interpreted broadly, media refers to any host of dissemination avenues, from Shakespearian plays to blue jeans and shopping malls, from museums to movies. Whether popular, mass, folk, or highbrow, American cultural values connect with â€Å"the people† consistently through varied forms of media messaging. The important components of the construction of culture are industrialism and the Progressive Era, industrialized media, shifting contexts, and identifying â€Å"the people†. As Storey commented, industrialization isShow MoreRelatedEssay on Graffiti - The Public Art Movement800 Words   |  4 PagesGRAFFITI - The Public Art Movement The widespread dissemination of colorful graffiti paintings on the walls of our major cities has made it impossible to ignore this form of public art. As contact with this form of expression increases, one starts to recognize styles, recurrent themes, patterns and stylistic influences. 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Leadership Styles Assignment Essays - 1251 Words

Assignment: Leadership Styles in the School Setting Karen Williams Grand Canyon University: EDL 812 March 2, 2015 Introduction The role of a superintendent is compared to that of an orchestra conductor (Domenech, 2009), and for good reasons; the many hats worn by this one person in the performance and leadership of the school district. He/ She guide an exemplary vision towards a performance goal and serve as a model for leadership, and embody the ambition for the entire organization (Dipaola Stronge, 2003). Nevertheless, this leadership can present a significant challenge to the process of evaluating a superintendent due to overly subjective and vague judgments. A superintendent†¦show more content†¦Promoting student achievement and preparing students to globally compete by fostering excellence and ensuring equal access is the mission of the Federal role in education. Public school superintendents think the biggest headaches are funding, although federal contributions includes funds not just from the department of education but also from the Department of Health and Human Services, Hea d Start programs, and the School Lunch program from the Department of Agriculture. Therefore, the Federal role in education is like an emergency response system, a system that fills the gap in state and local support for education when critical national needs occur. With all the fuss over the Federal Government and how much, and from where the funds come from, the superintendent job is to allocate how and where the funds will be used in the district. Research advice Being that Mr. Marks has been superintendent for the past six years, and coming up for re-election, I would remind him of his tremendous responsibility in his previous terms overseeing many schools with a vast, number of students, and how he has avoided the media’s glare which was focused on schools closing and the community and parents scrutinizing his decisions. Balancing intense and often competing pressures is the job of a superintendent. There are harsh financial realities and political minefields to compete with. Therefore you must stand firm in your beliefs, roll up your sleeves and get in theShow MoreRelatedAssignment : Leadership Style Writing Assignment953 Words   |  4 Pages MOL 6400 Week 1 Leadership Style Writing Assignment Charles Campbell-King Wilmington University 10/30/2017 What is your leadership style? My MBTI type is consul personality (ESFJ, -A/-T), extraverted, sensing, feeling and judging. This result means that I am more Extraverted than Introverted, I rely on Sense more than Intuition, and I make decisions based on my Feelings rather than Thinking, and I Judge more than I Perceive. 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Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 103(3), 489-505. Lilienfeld et al., (2010) examined the attentiveness of psychopathic personality traits that aligned with job performance and leadership of the past presidents including George W. Bush, whereas their successful or unsuccessful behaviors were a matter of public records. The description