Performance Enhancing Drugs in Sports - 1207 Words

The growth and use of performance enhancing drugs makes them no longer a taboo subject among professional athletes, and is starting to become in fact rampant among athletes. There appears to be no end in sight when leagues like the NFL and NCAA have weak testing programs. Traditional locker rooms in the NFL have a few steroid users and have many HGH abusers due to the NFL’s weak testing programs. HGH has become a rampant issue for the NFL, because it allows the average NFL player to gain an edge on the competition without the risk of getting caught. Steroids in sports is an epidemic among players trying to gain an edge, which leads to increased usage of steroids. The use of steroids and other performance enhancing drugs are unacceptable, but with the testing by the NFL and the NCAA which is sporadic at best. It allows players to get away with repeated use and abuse of steroids and other performance enhancing drugs. Both leagues have had many players use steroids and many more are getting away with it. The NFL has a few gaps in its system, which give some players incentive to use and get away with steroid use. The NFL doesn’t even test for HGH (human growth hormone) which helps people add on significant weight in a short time. Steroid maker and former body builder David Jacobs directed football players to use HGH during the season, and to use steroids during the offseason.Show MoreRelatedPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports1078 Words   |  4 Pagesï » ¿Performance-enhancing drugs in sports: A literature review A number of prominent athletes have recently experienced a fall from grace, because of the revelation that they used performance-enhancing drugs. Perhaps the most famous example of this phenomenon is Lance Armstrong. In an advertisement for Nike that his former sponsor now no doubt regrets, Armstrong is shown asking the viewer what am I on? Im on my bike, busting my ass six hours a day. Professional cycling is often cited as one ofRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports1227 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs Sport records are becoming harder   to break and seeing records are starting to become a thing of the past.. Players aren’t being able to hit these home runs or score long touchdown’s. Injured   players are getting kicked off the team or even quit because they can’t get to their peak performance that they were at before they got injured.   If more players were to use performance enhancing drugs they would be able to compete to the performance of past players. A performanceRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Sports Essay1514 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports A tremendously large problem in sports is whether or not athletes should be able to use performance enhancing drugs. To most people, it doesn t make any sense for athletes to be using them. They have to know what affect it has on their body not only physically, but also mentally. Around the early 2000’s is when all this starting coming up and it has made a dramatic impact on the sports world. The few people who want performance-enhancing drugs in sports don’tRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports1686 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports Athletes use performance enhancing drugs to boost their game. The professionals who use these drugs are ruining the integrity of the game. Many people don’t understand why professional athletes would go to such extreme measures to be better when they have already proven themselves. Athletes are just taking away from their natural ability by using these dangerous drugs. The risk of using performance enhancing drugs is a lot greater than the reward, because anRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs in Sports527 Words   |  2 Pagesuse of performance-enhancing steroids in sports is forming a problem. The sports that they play end up being cheated by these frauds. This is a disgusting epidemic. For example, â€Å"The National Institute on Drug Abuse (NIDA) recently estimated that over half of a million 8th through 10th grade students are abusing AAS, and that many high school seniors do not believe their use constitutes a health risk† (steroidabuse.com). The problem exists in professional sports and below. Steroid use in sports is becomingRead MorePerformance Of Sports And Performance Enhancing Drugs2051 Words   |  9 PagesPerformance Enhancers in Elite Sports Performance enhancing drugs are as old as sports themselves. Even the ancient athlete that competed in some of the first Olympic Games were know to use substances to boost their performance. It is on record that â€Å"Olympian Thomas Hicks won the marathon after receiving an injection of strychnine during the race in the third Olympiad†. (Savulescu, 1) It wasn’t until the 70’s that athletes began being tested for performance enhancing drugs and they became bannedRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs For Professional Sports1703 Words   |  7 Pagesthe use of performance enhancing drugs. The debate on whether or not performance enhancing substances should be allowed in professional sports has been going on for years, decades even. Many believe that using steroids and other performance enhancers should automatically disqualify an athlete from ever being able to be a member of the Hall of Fame, in sports in general, not just in Major League Baseball. However, there is an argument to be made to make the use of performance enhancing drugs legal inRead More Performance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports Essay1678 Words   |  7 PagesPerformance-Enhancing Drugs in Sports In all areas of sports, professional, college, and even high school, there is widespread illegal use of performance-enhancing drugs. Although there are many reasons for athletes to choose to use these drugs, the cost of such use, both to the athlete and to society can be extraordinarily high. It is important to understand why performance-enhancing drugs are used and what are the consequences of their use to the athlete and society. One of theRead MoreSports and Performance Enhancing Drugs Essay1221 Words   |  5 PagesPerformance enhancing drugs in todays pro sports have become a big deal, because of health stimulants and the benefits that such studies have on good development of the person and on fair athletic games. Pediatricians or trainers can play a huge role in helping the athlete or player that is using or taking performance enhancing drugs. By taking factual info about the true benefits and medical problems of these drugs and giving information about healthy food and working out. Tries to create a changeRead MorePerformance Enhancing Drugs Sports Today1476 Words   |  6 PagesResearch, period 3 December 15, 2013 Performance Enhancing Drugs In Sports Today Performance enhancing drugs, or steroids, have long been in the lifestyle of athletes. Many famous athletes like Barry Bonds, Alex Rodriguez, Marion Jones and Lance Armstrong have all confessed to the use of steroids. Celebrities like actor Charlie Sheen and ex Governor of California, Arnold Schwarzenegger, have also admitted to using steroids in the past. Performance enhancing drugs are a dangerous form of medicine

Business Research Methods Part 3 Example

Essays on Business Research Methods Part 3 Term Paper Discuss potential challenges to validity and reliability of your research question, data and analysis. Outline steps needed to minimize these challenges. There are potential challenges which may pose to the validity and reliability of the research question, data and analysis. Nowadays a lot of importance is given to qualitative methods to collect data like focus groups, in – depth interviews and observational methods. However, these may be biased as considerable research needs to be done prior to selecting a sample group. Also the researcher may be biased in trying to determine the participant observation. Another potential challenge lies in data collection and analysis. Sometimes the data might be outdated or the researcher may not be able to collect comprehensive data to carry out research. Another challenge is to prioritize and filter information from the data – both qualitative and quantitative. The researcher needs to abandon redundant information and include only those which are relevant to his or her research (Sittig et al, 2008).There may be several methods which a researcher may employ in order to reduce the challenges and increase the authenticity of data used in research. Here the researcher has conducted both qualitative and quantitative methods to analyze the healthcare dilemma in American households. One of them is to involve iterative methods and the refinement and development of analogies, typologies and other methods to analyze data (Fitzpatrick Boulton 1996). This is extremely important especially when qualitative methods of data collection are employed. The researcher may be biased or the participants may be biased in providing their observations and answers. Hence, conducting iteration is one way to reduce such bias in data analysis. Another way to authenticate and validate the data collected in research is to properly prioritize and sort out the data. The researcher must take into account only information which is relevant to the research. The researcher must keep in mind that the reliability and validity of the research depends on the data collection and analysis. Hence, it is very necessary to try and procure accurate data in order to conduct research. References: Sittig, D.F., Wright, A., Osheroff, J. A., Middleton, B., Teich, J.M., Ash, J.S., Campbell, E., Bates, D.W. (2008). Grand challenges in clinical decision support. Journal of Biomedical Informatics, 41, 387 – 392. Fitzpatrick, Ray Boulton, Mary. (1996). Qualitative research in healthcare: The scope and validity of methods. Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice, 2, 123 – 130.

Recent Hazing Facts Free Essays

Gabrielle Henwood Professor Briggs GWRTC 103 October 28, 2011 Should hazing in school groups be banned or not? Why hazing is hazardous and needs to be fully banned. As a college student there are many things you experience that are different from you previous years of schooling. You are finally living on your own, making your own decisions. We will write a custom essay sample on Recent Hazing Facts or any similar topic only for you Order Now So far in my college experience I have heard many stories about groups around campus participating in hazing, many of which that are extremely disturbing. My topic of my paper is why hazing should be banned in all schools, college or high school. There are many hazards that come along with hazing, including health problems or psychological problems. Students should not have to be put through humiliating activities just to become a stronger member of a team. Team bonding is built through spending quality time together, not pressuring a new member drinking until they pass out. Hazing is cruel and unnecessary and needs to be put to an end. College should be the time of your life; there is no need for students to have to worry about hazing when accepted into a group, team, or fraternity. Britton W. Brewer, et al. â€Å"The relationship Between Hazing and Team Cohesion. † Journal of Sport Behavior 30. 4 (2007): 491-507. SPORTDiscus with Full text. EBSCO. Web. 23 Oct. 2011 This journal entry explains the connection that hazing has with the bonding of a group, or sports team. There are multiple reasons why hazing is considered to be a decent way to become close, one of which is you see that victim of hazing closer then you would with any normal bonding activities. Also there are reasons given why hazing is a bad way for groups to welcome someone in, such as the victim of hazing grows a fear or barrier to the group members. They are pretty much scarred for the time being. This source is a compare and contrast for the positive and negative aspects of hazing which is very helpful for my topic. No bias was found when I read this piece. I do wish there was more written about the negative aspects since that is more on my side of the spectrum. Hosick, Michelle Brutlag. â€Å"The Hidden Hazards of Hazing. † NCAA News 42. 20 (2005): A1-A4. SPORTDiscus with Full Test. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. Multiple studies have been done to show the impact of college hazing and how often it occurs. Susan Limpkins, a New York psychologist stated, â€Å"many believe that proving oneself through hazing rituals increases the bond between group members and solidifies an â€Å"us† versus them mentality already prevalent in athletics, â€Å"implicating the topic that hazing happens on almost every school team to create stronger bonds. These studies brought the attention to school officials the danger that was taking place and many stories were told that caused people to be punished. This source is reliable, as it was a newspaper article in 2005 and was published. The intended audience is clearly to students, really any one who may be experiencing or know of any hazing taking place. There is no bias to this source. All the information used was taken directly from student’s statements. For my topic this source laid out many negatives to hazing which can help me more clearly analyze my argument for or against hazing. JMU – Hazing Policies. † James Madison University-Home. Web. 23 Oct. 2011. http://www. jmu. edu/multicultural/icgs/resources/hazing_policies. shtml. This website tells the rules and regulations for hazing at James Madison University. This website is based for multicultural groups around campus. It explains in full detail the consequences one will face in such groups if broken or misus ed. This source is credible, since coming from a college website and contains no bias. I did not find it helpful though since it was only related towards multicultural groups and not all groups at James Madison University. If it has included all the groups, this source would have been perfect since I attend JMU. Nuwer, Hank. Broken Pledges: The deadly Rite of Hazing. 1990. ERIC. Web. 31 Oct. 2011. This book is written to solve the question as to why men and women haze and the different things people can do to prevent hazing from happening. Many stories of victims of hazing are told, one of which is the main topic of the book. Chuck Stenzel, a student at Alfred University in New York was killed because of hazing in his fraternity and after such an event his mother became â€Å"Americas leading anti-hazing advocate. † With my topic being the hazing should be banned, this book will be one of the top sources with such a personal event-taking place. I don’t see any bias in this source and found it to be very reliable. â€Å"Hazing: Arguments for and against. † hazing. cornell. edu. Cornell University, nd. Web. 1 Nov 2011. http://www. gannett. cornell. edu/hazing/issues/arguments. fm. This informative web page gives straightforward reasons why hazing is a good thing and straightforward reasons why hazing is a problematic thing. Unlike the other sources, this article is not very detailed but still gives you the knowledge I needed to know. The reasons for and against hazing are from the college student point of view and reveals the rules and regulations if such things are misused. Since this article was from such a prestigious school, Cornell University, it is quite reliable, although I wish it had more detailed reasons. This source is not one of my most helpful. I will most likely use this source still but not as much as some others. Nuwer, Hank. â€Å"Hazing Prevention. † Hank Nuwer. WordPress, n. d. Web. 1 Nov. 2011. http://www. hanknuwer. com/blog/. Hank Nuwer consistently blogs about many things related to hazing. He blogs about preventions, stories, people being charged with such crimes and so on. He allows people to post their opinion on what he is saying and he also posts resources he has used to say what he posts which gives this blog credibility. There are numerous blog entries that I found extremely helpful for my research. The fact that Nuwer updates his blog on a daily basis was very helpful and gave me more recent hazing facts. I will be using this source. It was one of the most helpful ones I found. Skorton, David. â€Å"A Pledge to End Fraternity Hazing. † nytimes. com. The New York Times,01,Sep,2011. Web. 31 Oct 2011. http://www. nytimes. com/2011/08/24/opinion/a-pledge-to-end-fraternity-hazing. html. Hazing that took place in a fraternity at Cornell University, caused the life of a sophomore to be taken. This tragic event led to another student to finally step up realizing how wrong hazing is and the fact that it should be banned. This source was an article written about the pledge this boy proposed in memory of the sophomore. Once again I found this article extremely helpful for having such a personal aspect to it. This article was extremely reliable and contained no bias what so ever. Its audience is students, to show them that it is ok to step up to make what the believe it true right. I would mark this source more reliable than some of the others How to cite Recent Hazing Facts, Papers

Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films an Example of the Topic Film Essays by

Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films Japanese and Hollywood movie makers of the past are among the notable groups that created silent films, filming their early silent films between the end of 1890s and the early years before the 1920s. Both groups have established their indispensable presence in their respective geographical locations and that, although both are widely separated from one another at least in terms of distance, both have served as precedents for the years to come in the movie industry. Need essay sample on "Japanese and Hollywood Silent Films" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed Apparently, Japanese and Hollywood silent films also have their differences and these distinctions define their very identities. For the most part, one major characteristic of Japanese silent films that sets it apart from its Hollywood counterpart is the fact that Japanese silent films reflect the eastern view about the importance of man with regard to the natural world. This is greatly attributed to the existing Confucian precepts that dictate the lives of Japanese individuals during those days. As Japanese filming technology during those days were limited, a certain degree of dependency on foreign, especially American, technology was inevitable. College Students Very Often Tell EssayLab writers: Who wants to write assignment for me? Specialists advise: Here Is Your Life Vest! On the other hand, silent films from Hollywood depicted that of the victory of humanity against hindrances and odds portrayed by mere facial expressions against the backdrop of landscape that serves as mans testing ground. This sends the idea that Hollywood generally conceived their silent movies in terms of the existing social conditions during those times which later on served as one of the dominant factors that exemplified the rise of America into power. The major contrast is hence prominentwhile Japanese silent films portrayed the significant status of man in his relation to the world bounded by Confucian principles, Hollywood silent films depicted the struggles of man, specifically Americans, in obtaining a central position in world affairs by taking into account the existing social conditions during those times. References Ong, Jaime S. 'Screening the Past', (updated September 20, 2002). Standish, Isolde 'Mediators of Modernity: Photo-interpreters in Japanese Silent Cinema'.

In The Limelight essays

In The Limelight essays I have always been fascinated by music. It amazes me how the average person can pick up a guitar or sit behind a set of drums and imagine playing in a band. For me it is the thrill of being on stage and the excitement of having people waiting for the first pluck of the string. There were five of us altogether and none of us were over 21. Craig was on vocals, Chris on drums, Matt and Steve on guitars and me on bass. We had been playing together less than a week when we had our first opportunity to play live. Steve called me on a Tuesday and asked me if I was ready to play out soon. Sure I said to him wondering what he was getting at. Well, we have a gig this Friday night and have to learn 10 songs. I still hadnt met the singer yet and we were only going to have one practice before the show. My first experience playing live in a band was at a bar named Legends in the summer of 1991. It was 9:00pm on a Friday. Legends was an average sized bar with neon blue and purple beer signs along the walls. Tables and chairs were somewhat scattered in front of the stage and a pool hall of to your left. As we made our way towards the stage you couldnt help notice the smell of beer and smoke from the customers. The closer I got towards the stage the more my palms were sweating and my heart was pounding. I glanced towards the audience and saw over 100 people staring right back at me wondering if this band was any good and who were they? I walked to my bass and slid it around my head and turned up my volume while Matt and Steve picked up their guitars and checked their tuning. You could hear the distortion from their guitars while Chris climbed in behind his drums and hit a few times on the snare. Craig grabbed the microphone and did a sound check Check 1 Check 1 he said into the mic. Chris then started his drum beat for the first song and there was no turning back now. The band played on. ...

Introduction to the Coase Theorem

Introduction to the Coase Theorem The Coase Theorem, developed by economist Ronald Coase, states that when conflicting property rights occur, bargaining between the parties involved will lead to an efficient outcome regardless of which party is ultimately awarded the property rights, as long as the transaction costs associated with bargaining are negligible. Specifically, the Coase Theorem states that if trade in an externality is possible and there are no transaction costs, bargaining will lead to an efficient outcome regardless of the initial allocation of property rights.† What Is the Coase Theorem? The Coase Theorem is most easily explained via an example. Its clear that noise pollution fits the typical definition of an externality, or a consequence of an economic activity on an unrelated third party, because noise pollution from, say, a factory, a loud garage band, or a wind turbine potentially imposes a cost on people who are neither consumers nor producers of these items. (Technically, this externality comes about because its not well defined who owns the noise spectrum.) In the case of the wind turbine, for example, its efficient to let the turbine make noise if the value of operating the turbine is greater than the noise cost imposed on those who live near it. On the other hand, its efficient to shut the turbine down if the value of operating the turbine is less than the noise cost imposed on nearby residents. Since the potential rights and desires of the turbine company and the households are clearly in conflict, its possible that the two parties will end up in court to figure out whose rights take precedence. In this instance, the court could decide that the turbine company has the right to operate at the expense of the nearby households or that the households have the right to quiet at the expense of the turbine companys operations. Coases main thesis is that the decision reached regarding the assignment of property rights has no bearing on whether the turbines continue to operate in the area as long as the parties can bargain without cost. How Does It Work in Practice? Why is this? Lets say that its efficient to have the turbines operating in the area, i.e., that the value to the company of operating the turbines is greater than the cost imposed on the households. Put another way, this means that the turbine company would be willing to pay the households more to stay in business than the households would be willing to pay the turbine company to shut down. If the court decides that the households have a right to quiet, the turbine company will probably compensate the households in exchange for letting the turbines operate. Because the turbines are worth more to the company than quiet is worth to the households, some offer will be acceptable to both parties, and the turbines will keep running. On the other hand, if the court decides that the company has the right to operate the turbines, the turbines will stay in business and no money will change hands. This is because the households arent willing to pay enough to convince the turbine company to cease operation. In summary, the assignment of rights in this example didnt affect the outcome once the opportunity to bargain was introduced, but the property rights did affect the transfers of money between the two parties. This scenario is realistic: In 2010, for example, Caithness Energy offered households near its turbines in Eastern Oregon $5,000 each not to complain about the noise that the turbines generated. Its most likely that in this scenario, the value of operating the turbines was greater to the company than the value of quiet was to the households, and it was probably easier for the company to proactively offer compensation to the households than it would have been to get the courts involved. Why Would the Coase Theorem Not Work? In practice, there are a number of reasons why the Coase Theorem may not hold (or apply, depending on context).  In some cases, the endowment effect could cause the valuations elicited in negotiation to depend on the initial allocation of property rights.  In other cases, negotiation may not be feasible either due to the number of parties involved or social conventions.

Early Neolithic Social Organization Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Early Neolithic Social Organization - Essay Example The first one is Pre Pottery Neolithic which is all about the "true farming" that occurred where people were used to planting and harvesting wheat. Along with farming is the domestication of animals, also to answer their day-to-day needs. This stage was followed by the pre-pottery period where people tried to build their houses made of mud bricks. No long before they learned pottery which further improved their lives and this was the peak of the Neolithic period. The Neolithic period that slowly evolved along with knowledge and experience, somehow showed the presence of social organizations. The presence of hierarchies can somehow be traced through the burial grounds and an example of this is the one found in the excavation in Central Europe where some tombs were found to be different from others in a way that they looked more sophisticated and hard to make, suggesting that others could have afforded labor to create such tombs. Through the Neolithic sites that were explored, what were visible were signs of possibilities for group feuds where others could have been treated more superior like the leaders and the chiefs in tribes. These were more visible in the European Bronze age. (Wikipedia) Moving forward to the possibility of reconstructing the early Neolithic social o... As discussed partly a while ago, there were already the different kinds of tombs found during the excavation. These tombs will then connect us to their culture and social structure, ways and means that they tried to adopt in the past. But firs we try to define what megalithic tombs are and how significant are they to historians, researchers and archaeologists. Maximilian Baldia explores in his essay "Megalithic Tombs and Interregional Communication" how long and how significant these tombs are to us. He said that the closely five thousand megalithic tombs signify how people were connected in different aspects. He also explained that the presence of timber mortuary during the Neolithic period can and might have been the start of the small primeval dolmens in the Early Neolithic. "Furthermore, the popularity of the primeval dolmen may have arisen as a practical solution resulting from the need for suitable large trees required for building houses, palisades, boats and apparently even single-piece wagonwheels. Increased village size, more numerous fields, and larger herds of domesticated grazing animals during the later part of the EN C would have reduced the forests containing these timbers near the villages, making stone construction more cost effective. A decline in tree trunk diameter used in construction from the ENto the MiddleNeolithic (MN), has been noted in conjunction with likely woodland management and supports this argument. Therefore, stone chambers should first have occurred in areas where a large population would have been confined to limited land. The most likely place in the TRB culture area would have been the islands